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Table DUP-4. Prevalence of injecting drug use within prison among prisoners, 1995-2006

Country	Year	Ref. (1)	Definition and methodological comments (2)	% IDU
Belgium	2003	1	People reporting injecting drug use during the last incarceration. - Comment: survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n= 886).	2
Belgium	1999	2	People reporting injecting drug use in prison from a daily basis to a few times per week or per month. - Comment: survey in two prisons (1 male prison + 1 woman section in another prison) amongst voluntary prisoners (n= 246).	2
Bulgaria	2006	1	People registered (in the judicial and medical files) as injecting drug users in prison (self-report). - Comment: national survey in 17 prisons among on remand detainees (n= 2562).	8
Bulgaria	2006	1		8
Greece	1996	4	People reporting injecting drug use while in prison. - Comment: survey in 10 prisons (n= 861).	20
Greece	1995	5	Injecting drug use in prison (based on self-reports and serum tests). - Comment: survey in 2 prisons amongst convicted voluntary prisoners (n= 544).	28
Ireland	1996	5	Men reporting injecting heroin use while in prison (current sentence). - Comment: survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n= 108).	34
Latvia	2003	1	People reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison. - Comment: national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867).	10
Luxembourg	1998	1	Regular intravenous drug use in prison (based on self-reports and cross-checking in personal files). - Comment: nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 362).	28
Luxembourg	1998	1	First intravenous drug use in prison (based on self-reports and cross-checking in personal files). - Comment: nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 362).	9
Hungary	2004	1	People reporting injecting drug use in prison. - Comment: national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609).	1
Hungary	1997	2	People reporting injecting drug use in prison. - Comment: national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951).	0.2
Austria	1999	1	Injecting drug use within prison. - Comment: national survey in a selection of representative prisons - 4 for male adults (n= 143), 2 for female adults (n= 69) and 5 for male youth (n= 51); convicted and on remand.	15
				6
				8
Portugal	2001	1	People reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison. - Comment: nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057).	11
U.K. England & Wales	2001	1	Women reporting having ever injected drugs during this term of imprisonment. - Comment: national survey of female prisoners on remand and convicted in 10 prisons (n= 301).	3
U.K. England & Wales	1997-1998	3	People reporting having ever injected drugs inside prison. - Comment: survey in 8 prisons - 6 adult male prisons (n= 2745), 1 female prison (n= 400) and 1 male young (under 21 years) offenders prison (n= 714).	7
				7
				1
U.K. Scotland	2004	9	People reporting drug use during the current imprisonment. - Comment: nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4792).	5
U.K. Scotland	2003	10	People reporting having ever injected drugs during the current imprisonment. - Comment: national survey in 16 prisons among all prisoners available at the time of the survey (n= 4741).	11
U.K. Scotland	1991-1996	11	Men reporting having ever injected in prison. - Comment: survey in 6 male prisons (n= 2286).	18
U.K. Scotland	1991-1996	11	Women reporting having ever injected in prison. - Comment: survey in one female prison (n= 132).	26
U.K. Scotland	1991-1996	11	Young offenders reporting having ever injected in prison. - Comment: survey in 2 young offenders institutions (n= 562).	5

Notes:

(1) For sources and bibliographic references, the numbering refers to Table DUP-0.

(2) Caution should be applied when considering that a survey is said to be 'national' as this refers to its intended geographical coverage, but does not mean it is necessarily representative of the national situation, which would depend on any sampling procedures adopted. Note that the size of the prison population surveyed is not available for most of the studies displayed in this table, and sample sizes reflect different proportions of the population in different countries.

Sources:

For access to sources and bibliographic references, refer to Table DUP-0.