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Table EYE-1. Recent school surveys (2003-2005): Lifetime prevalence (percentage) of psychoactive substance use among students aged 15-16 years old

Country		Year	Ref.	Project	Sample size	Cannabis	Inhalants/volatile substances	Amphetamines	Ecstasy	LSD and other hallucinogens	Cocaine	Heroin
Belgium		2003		ESPAD	2320	32	7	2	4	3	3	1
Belgium (Flemish)		2004-2005	6	VAD	467	25	4	3	4	3	2	2
Bulgaria		2003		ESPAD	2740	21	3	2	3	2	2	1
Czech Republic		2003		ESPAD	3195	44	9	4	8	6	1	1
Denmark		2003		ESPAD	2978	23	8	4	2	1	2	1
Germany	(b)	2003		ESPAD	5110	27	11	5	3	3	2	1
Estonia		2003		ESPAD	2463	23	8	7	5	2	1	1
Ireland		2003		ESPAD	2407	39	18	1	5	2	3	1
Greece		2003		ESPAD	1906	6	15	0	2	1	1	1
Spain	(c)	2004	5	PNSD		41	4	3	3	3	6	1
France		2003		ESPAD	2199	38	11	2	3	1	3	2
Italy		2003		ESPAD	4871	27	6	3	3	3	4	4
Italy		2005	5	National Survey	15633	17	4	1	1	2	2	2
Cyprus		2003		ESPAD	2152	4	18	0	0	0	0	0
Cyprus	(c)(f)	2004	1	National Survey	915	6			4
Latvia		2003		ESPAD	2841	16	7	3	3	1	1	1
Lithuania		2003		ESPAD	5036	13	5	5	2	2	1	1
Hungary		2003		ESPAD	2677	16	5	3	3	2	1	1
Malta		2003		ESPAD	3500	10	16	1	1	1	1	1
Netherlands		2003		ESPAD	2095	28	6	1	5	2	3	1
Austria		2003		ESPAD	2402	21	14	4	3	2	2	1
Poland		2003		ESPAD	5964	18	9	5	3	2	2	2
Poland		2005	1	National Survey		14	8	4	3	2	2	1
Portugal		2003		ESPAD	2946	15	8	3	4	2	3	2
Romania		2003		ESPAD	4371	3	1	0	1	0	1	0
Slovenia		2003		ESPAD	2785	28	15	1	3	1	1	1
Slovakia		2003		ESPAD	2276	27	9	2	3	2	1	0
Finland		2003		ESPAD	3543	11	8	1	1	1	0	1
Sweden		2003		ESPAD	3232	7	8	1	2	1	1	1
Sweden	(a)	2005	7	CAN	5514	6	8	1	1	0	0	0
United Kingdom		2003		ESPAD	2068	38	12	3	5	2	4	1
United Kingdom (England)	(d)	2005	7	ONS	1907	34	17	3	5	6	6	1
United Kingdom (Scotland)	(c)(d)(e)	2004	4	Scotish Executive		35	6	4	5	4	3	2
Norway		2003		ESPAD	3833	9	5	2	2	1	1	1
Turkey	(b)	2003		ESPAD	4177	4	4	2	2	2	2	2
United States of America	(g)(h)	2005	1	NIDA	16200	34	13	11	4	6	5	2

Notes:

This table aims to present data on 15- to 16-year-old school students obtained from national surveys. The surveys for Belgium (Flemish) is the Flemish region only, and the Germany and Turkish ESPAD is limited to the regions specified in note (b). In all of the school surveys, the method for data collection was classroom based, anonymous, self-completion questionnaires in written test conditions.

Caution is required comparing figures due to methodological limitations. For methods and definitions see 'Studies of youth and the schools populations – methods and definitions'.

ESPAD (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other drugs) is coordinated by the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other drugs (CAN) and Council of Europe (Pompidou Group). ESPAD prevalence figures are taken from published ESPAD reports and may differ sometimes from those reported directly by Member States. The sample sizes given refer to the number of participating 15- to 16-year-old students who filled in the questionnaire. For further details see www.espad.org.

(a) ESPAD methods are adopted to varying degrees.

(b) ESPAD 2003 Germany figures are based in six regions only (Bavaria, Brandenburg, Berlin, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Thuringia). Turkey figures are based on one major city in each of six different regions (Adana, Ankara, Diyarbakir, Istanbul, Izmir and Samsun).

(d) Only 15-year-old students are included in United Kingdom ONS and Scottish Executive school surveys.

(e) Cocaine: includes cocaine powder only.

(f) To be interpreted with caution as sample size is small and private and vocational schools are excluded.

(g) Inhalants are adjusted for underreporting of butyl nitrites.

(h) Amphetamines includes only drug use not under a doctor's order.

See also 'General notes for interpreting data' on the Explanatory notes and help page.

Sources:

See Table EYE-0 for further information on sources