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Table INF-1. Prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users in the EU, 2005 or most recent year available - Summary table by country

Country or region	Year	Number tested	% infected (1)	Study design (2)	Setting/comments (3, 4, 5)	References
Belgium	2004-05	439	[2.7-12.9]	DT ; SR	LTS, DTC, 48 sites; serum	8 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16
Bulgaria	2005	827	[0.4]	DT	DTC, NSP, LTS, HTC, PRI	2 ; 3
Czech Republic	2004-05	2556	0.0-2.7 [0.0]	DT ; SR	PHL, STI, ANT, OHC, PRI, HTC, DTC, LTS, STR, NSP; serum, saliva; IDUnkT	1b ; 5 ; 10
Denmark	2005	220	2.3	SP (UAT)	ODD; All drug related deaths who have a blood sample taken at autopsy; IDUnk	7
Germany	2004-05	2316	3.7-5.3 [12.0]	DT ; SR	OTH (interviews with users from the open scene), ODD (drug related deaths trought accident, long term effects, suicide), DTC; IDUnkT	17 ; 22 ; 25 ; 26 ; 28
Estonia	2005	449	[54.3-89.9]	SP	LTS; dried blood spots	4
Ireland	2003	64	[12.5]	SP	DTC, serum	14
Greece	2005	1834	0.3 [0.0-1.0]	DT	DTC, LTS, PHL, OHC; serum	1 ; 2 ; 9
Spain	2004-06	15543	25.4-39.7	DT ; SR	DTC, PRI	35 ; 36
France	2004	817	[1.0-32.0]	SP (UAT)	n.a.	19
Italy	2005	65848	13.8 [2.2-39.7]	DT	DTC; serum, saliva; IDUnk	31
Cyprus	2005	161	0.6	SR	DTC	2
Latvia	2003	1285	6.6-9.7 / [22.0]	DT ; SP	DTC, OHC, NSP, STR, HIV counselling centre and outreach workers; serum	4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
Lithuania	2005	1442	[1.2-27.0]	DT	DTC, NSP, LTS, STR; serum, dried blood spots	5 ; 6 ; 7 ; 8
Luxembourg	2005	429	2.5-4.0	SR ; SP	DTC, LTS, OHC, PRI, Judicial Police, NSP, STI, ANT; serum	5 ; 6
Hungary	2005	79	0.0	DT	PHL; serum	1 ; 5
Malta	2005	83	0.0	DT	DTC; serum	3
Netherlands	2002	452	[9.5]	SP	DTC, STR, methadone post; saliva	5 ; 10 ; 21
Austria	2005	556	11.9 [0.0-3.1]	DT	LTS, PHL, GPS, HTC, NSP, ODD, DTC; serum	6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11
Poland	2004-05	766	[2.4-31.5]	SP ; DT	DTC, LTS, STR, PRI, PHL, HTC; serum	5 ; 6
Portugal	2005	5951	12.0-20.5 [42.9]	DT	DTC, Outpatient units, Therapeutic communities, Public detoxification units; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnkT	23 ; 24
Romania	2004-05	263	[1.1]	DT ; SP	DTC; serum	2
Slovenia	2004-05	897	0.4 [0.0]	DT ; SP (UAT)	NSP, DTC; saliva, serum	1 ; 2
Slovakia	2003-04	1036	[0.0]	DT	DTC	3 ; 7
Finland	2004-05	2175	0.2 [0.0-2.7]	DT ; SP (UAT)	NSP, PRI; serum, saliva	6
Sweden	2006	358	[6.4]	SR	PRI, ARR, 2 sites; serum	8
United Kingdom	2005	5867	[0.8-3.2]	DT ; SP (UAT)	DTC, NSP, LTS, PHL, STR, primary care and outreach, named HIV tests; saliva, serum	36 ; 37 ; 38 ; 39
Turkey	2004	38	[0.0]	DT	DTC; serum	1
Norway	2005	258	[0.4]	SP	NSP, STR, LTS; serum	8

Notes:

This summary table gives a global overview of HIV prevalence in IDUs in the EU, 2004-2005 or most recent year available. Data for more than one year are combined if they clearly improve generalisability (e.g. national data, out-of-treatment data). Prevalence in this table should not be compared with previous versions to follow changes over time, as inclusion of sources may vary according to data availability. For time trends see Tables INF 8-10 in the annex of this statistical bulletin.

n.a. = not available

(1) The figures given in brackets show local estimates (or range of estimates) within the country.

(2) Self-reported test results are less reliable than biological test results.

DT: Diagnostic testing; SP: seroprevalence study; SP-UAT: seroprevalence study with unlinked anonymous testing; SR: data (partly) based on self reported test results.

(3) Having health problems is one selection criterion for admission to drug treatment in some countries or cities (Greece, Portugal, Rome), due to long waiting lists or special programmes for infected IDUs, and this may result in upward bias of prevalence. Prevalence from treatment data should therefore be interpreted in combination with non-treatment data. On the other hand, data from Italy and Portugal include non-IDUs and may thus underestimate prevalence in IDUs.

(4) IDUnk = IDU status not known, prevalence may be too low.

(5) ODD = overdose deaths; DEM = drug emergencies; DTC = drug treatment centres; NSP = needle exchanges; LTS = low-threshold services; PHL = public health laboratories; STI = STI clinics; ANT = antenatal clinics; OHC = other hospital or clinics; PRI = prisons; ARR = arrests; GPS = general practitioners; HTC = HIV testing centres; STR = street; OTH = other.

Czech Republic: only one of the three national studies available is IDUnk (n = 511; 2.7% infected). Germany: two of the three studies available are IDUnk (national: n = 843; 3.7% infected. sub-national: n = 147; 12.0% infected). Bulgaria: one of the two studies available is IDUnk (sub-national: n = 115; 2.6% infected). Portugal: three of the five studies available are IDUnk (all national: n = 2824; 917; 3962 - 13.0%; 12.0%; 16.0% respectively).

Sources:

See Table INF-8.