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Table INF-1. Prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users in the EU, 2006 or most recent year available — Summary table by country

Country or region			% Infected (1)
Country or region	Year	Number tested	National	Sub-national	Study design (2)	Setting/comments (3, 4, 5)	References
Belgium	2005–06	494		2.9–5.7	DT ; SR	LTS, DTC, OHC, 26 sites; serum, biological test	8 ; 14 ; 15 ; 16 ; 17 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20
Bulgaria	2005–06	1216	0	0.8–2.6	DT	DTC, NSP, LTS, HTC, PRI, 12 sites; serum	1a ; 1b ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
Czech Republic	2006	2134	0.0–0.1		DT	STI, OHC, PRI, HTC, DTC, LTS, NSP; serum, saliva	1b ; 10 ; 14
Denmark	2006	188	2.1		SP (UAT)	ODD, 5 sites; IDUnk	7 ; 8
Germany	2005	1326	5.3		DT	ODD; autopsy rates 25–100% by state (2000); Drug related deaths throught accident, long term effects, suicide. IDUnk	17 ; 25 ; 28
Estonia	2005	449		54.3–89.9	SP	LTS; dried blood spots	4
Ireland	2003	64		12.5	SP	DTC, serum	14
Greece	2006	1468	0.3–0.7	0.0–1.9	DT	DTC, LTS, PHL, OHC, 42 sites; serum	1 ; 2 ; 9
Spain	2005–06	8185	36.1–39.7		DT ; SR	DTC, PRI, 563 sites; serum	1 ; 2 ; 2a ; 35 ; 36 ; 38
France	2004	817		1.0–32.0	SP (UAT)	n.a.	19
Italy	2006	67300	12.1	2.3–55.8	DT	DTC; serum, saliva; IDUnk §	1a ; 1b ; 30 ; 31 ; 32
Cyprus	2006	96	0		DT	DTC, 9 sites; serum	2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5
Latvia	2003	1285	6.6–9.7	22	DT ; SP	DTC, OHC, NSP, STR, HIV counselling centre & outreach workers; serum	4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
Lithuania	2006	1455		0.6–3.6	DT	HTC, NSP, LTS, 19 sites; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnk §	1 ; 6 ; 8
Luxembourg	2005–06	456	2.5–2.8		SR ; SP	DTC, LTS, OHC, PRI, Judicial Police, NSP, STI, ANT; serum	1c ; 1e ; 5 ; 6
Hungary	2006	369	0		DT ; SP	PHL, DTC, NSP, 14 sites; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnk §	1 ; 5 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9
Malta	2006	175	0		DT	DTC, NSP, 1 site; serum	2 ; 3 ; 5
Netherlands	2002	452		9.5	SP	DTC, STR, methadone post; saliva	5 ; 10 ; 21
Austria	2006	556	7.1	0.0–2.8	DT	LTS, PHL, GPS, HTC, NSP, ODD, DTC; serum	5 , 6 ; 7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12
Poland	2005–06	1258	8.9	2.4–31.5	SP-UAT ; DT	DTC, LTS, PRI, PHL, HTC; serum	5 ; 6 ; 7
Portugal	2005–06	6740	10.9–20.2	42.9	DT	DTC, Outpatient units, Therapeutic communities, Public detoxification units; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnk §	23 ; 24 ; 27
Romania	2006	138		1.4	DT	DTC, 2 sites; serum	2
Slovenia	2005–06	350		0	SP (UAT)	NSP, DTC, LTS, 6 sites ; saliva	1 ; 2
Slovakia	2003–04	1036		0	DT	DTC	3 ; 7
Finland	2005–06	3770	0.2	0	DT	NSP, PRI, 38 sites; serum; IDUnk §	6 ; 7
Sweden	2006–07	561		5.4–6.4	SP ; DT	LTS, STR, PRI,OHC, DTC, 213 sites; serum	8
United Kingdom	2006	4389		0.6–4.0	SP (UAT)	DTC, NSP, LTS, PHL, STR, primary care and outreach, named HIV tests; saliva, serum	36 ; 37 ; 38 ; 39 ; 40
Croatia	2006	476	0	0.6	SP	STR, PRI; serum	1
Turkey	2004	38		0	DT	DTC; serum	1
Norway	2006	3577	3.2	1.3	SP	NSP, DTC, LTS, 24 sites; serum	8 ; 9 ; 10

Notes:

This summary table gives a global overview of HIV prevalence in IDUs in the EU, 2005–06 or most recent year available. Data for more than one year are combined if they clearly improve generalisability (e.g. national data, out-of-treatment data). Prevalence in this table should not be compared with previous versions to follow changes over time, as inclusion of sources may vary according to data availability. For time trends see Tables INF-108, INF-109, and INF-110 .

n.a. = not available

(1) The figures show estimates (or range of estimates) at National and/or Sub-National level.

(2) Self-reported test results are less reliable than biological test results.

DT: Diagnostic testing; SP: Seroprevalence study; SP-UAT: Seroprevalence study with unlinked anonymous testing; SR: Data (partly) based on self reported test results.

(3) Having health problems is one selection criterion for admission to drug treatment in some countries or cities (Greece, Portugal, Rome), due to long waiting lists or special programmes for infected IDUs, and this may result in upward bias of prevalence. Prevalence from treatment data should therefore be interpreted in combination with non-treatment data. On the other hand, data from Italy and Portugal include non-IDUs and may thus underestimate prevalence in IDUs.

(4) IDUnk = IDU status not known, prevalence in IDUs is likely to be underestimated.

(5) ODD = Overdose Deaths; DEM = Drug Emergencies; DTC = Drug Treatment Centres; NSP = Needle Exchanges; LTS = Low-Threshold Services; PHL = Public Health Laboratories; STI = STI Clinics; ANT = Antenatal Clinics; OHC = Other Hospital or Clinics; PRI = Prisons; ARR = Arrests; GPS = General Practitioners; HTC = HIV Testing Centres; STR = Street; OTH = Other.

§ - IDUnk = IDU status not known, prevalence may be too low.

Portugal: Two of the four studies available are IDUnk (all National: N = 4128; 1520 - 16.1 %; 10.9 % infected respectively).

Bulgaria: One of the three studies available is IDUnk (Sub-National: N = 115; 2.6% infected).

Lithuania: One of the four studies avalilable is IDUnk (Sub-National: N=799; 1.9% infected).

Hungary: One of the two studies available is IDUnk (National: N= 69; 0.0% infected).

Finland: One of the six studies available is IDUnk (National: N= 1073; 0.2% infected).

Sweden: Data from Sweden include 2007 data.

Sources:

See Table INF-108 .

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