Table INF-1. Prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users in the EU, 2007 or most recent year available — Summary table by country.

Country or region			% Infected (1)
	Year	Number tested	National	Sub-national	Study design (2)	Setting/comments (3, 4, 5)	References
Belgium	2006-07	390	:	3.7-5.7	DT	LTS, DTC, 11 sites; serum	8 ; 21 ; 22
Bulgaria	2006-07	1289	0.0	1.5	DT	DTC, NSP, LTS, HTC, PRI, 11 sites; serum	4 ; 5
Czech Republic	2006	1985	0.2	:	DT	STI, OHC, PRI, HTC, DTC, LTS, NSP, GPS; serum, saliva, capillary blood	19 ; 20
Denmark	2006	188	2.1	:	SP (UAT)	ODD, 5 sites; IDUnk	7 ; 8
Germany	2007	1394	3.4	:	DT	ODD; autopsy rates 62%; Drug related deaths throught accident, long term effects, suicide. IDUnk	30 ; 31
Estonia	2007	325	:	56.6	RDS	STR; serum	5
Ireland	2003	64	:	12.5	SP	DTC, serum	14
Greece	2006	1468	0.3–0.7	0.0–1.9	DT	DTC, LTS, PHL, OHC, 42 sites; serum	1 ; 2 ; 9
Spain	2006	10262	36.4–39.7	:	DT ; SR	DTC, PRI, 563 sites; serum	36 ; 38 ; 39
France	2006	698	:	5.1-8.0	SP (UAT) ; SR	NSP, LTS, STR; saliva	19 ; 21
Italy	2007	67776	11.9	2.6-37.8	DT	DTC, 515 sites; serum; IDUnk	46
Cyprus	2007	354	0.0-2.0	:	DT	DTC, 50 sites; serum	2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5
Latvia	2003	1285	6.6–9.7	22	DT ; SP	DTC, OHC, NSP, STR, HIV counselling centre & outreach workers; serum	4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
Lithuania	2006	1853	:	0.6–9.7	DT ; SP	HTC, NSP, LTS, 22 sites; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnk §	1 ; 6 ; 8 ; 11 ; 12 ; 99
Luxembourg	2007	230	3.5	:	SR	DTC, 8 sites; serum	5 ; 7
Hungary	2006-07	636	0.0	:	DT ; SP	PHL, DTC, NSP, 19 sites; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnk §	7 ; 12
Malta	2006	175	0	:	DT	DTC, NSP, 1 site; serum	2 ; 3 ; 5
Netherlands	2007	56	:	1.8	DT	DTC, 5 sites; serum	27
Austria	2007	985	1.6-5.6	0.0-3.7	DT	NSP, LTS, ODD, DTC, 47 sites; serum	7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10 ; 11 ; 12 ; 13
Poland	2007	1064	11.4	:	DT	PHL, HTC; serum	9
Portugal	2007	7010	9.1-19.9	:	DT	DTC, Outpatient units, Therapeutic communities, Public detoxification units, 307 sites; dried blood spots; IDUnk §	28
Romania	2007	425	:	0.0-1.6	DT	DTC, 3 sites; serum	2
Slovenia	2007	461	0.0	0.0	SP (UAT) ; DT	NSP, DTC, LTS, 21 sites ; saliva, serum	1 ; 2
Slovakia	2007	88	:	0.0	DT	DTC, 1 site	4 ; 7
Finland	2007	3645	0.1	0.6-1.3	DT ; SP	NSP, PRI, 46 sites; serum, saliva; IDUnk §	6 ; 7
Sweden	2007	677	:	0.0-8.4	SP ; DT	LTS, STR, PRI,OHC, DTC, 215 sites; serum	8 ; 10
United Kingdom	2007	5678	:	0.5-3.9	SP (UAT)	DTC, NSP, LTS, PHL, STR, primary care and outreach, named HIV tests; saliva, serum	38 ; 45 ; 46
Croatia	2007	599	0.0	0.0	SP	DTC, NSP, LTS, PHL, HTC, PRI; serum	1
Turkey	2004	38	:	0.0	DT	DTC; serum	1
Norway	2007	3891	2.9	0.0	SP	NSP, DTC, LTS, 24 sites; serum	11 ; 12

Notes:

 : indicates data not available 

 This summary table gives a global overview of HIV prevalence in IDUs in the EU, 2006–07 or most recent year available. Data for more than one year are combined if they clearly improve generalisability (e.g. national data, out-of-treatment data). Prevalence in this table should not be compared with previous versions to follow changes over time, as inclusion of sources may vary according to data availability. For time trends see Tables INF-108, INF-109, and INF-110 .   

 n.a. = not available   

 (1) The figures show estimates (or range of estimates) at National and/or Sub-National level.   

 (2) Self-reported test results are less reliable than biological test results.   

 DT: Diagnostic testing; SP: Seroprevalence study; SP-UAT: Seroprevalence study with unlinked anonymous testing; RDS: Respondent-driven sampling; SR: Data (partly) based on self reported test results.   

 (3) Having health problems is one selection criterion for admission to drug treatment in some countries or cities (Greece, Portugal, Rome), due to long waiting lists or special programmes for infected IDUs, and this may result in upward bias of prevalence. Prevalence from treatment data should therefore be interpreted in combination with non-treatment data. On the other hand, data from Italy and Portugal include non-IDUs and may thus underestimate prevalence in IDUs.    

 (4) IDUnk = IDU status not known, prevalence in IDUs is likely to be underestimated.   

 (5) ODD = Overdose Deaths; DEM = Drug Emergencies; DTC = Drug Treatment Centres; NSP = Needle Exchanges; LTS = Low-Threshold Services; PHL = Public Health Laboratories; STI = STI Clinics; ANT = Antenatal Clinics; OHC = Other Hospital or Clinics; PRI = Prisons; ARR = Arrests; GPS = General Practitioners; HTC = HIV Testing Centres; STR = Street; OTH = Other.   

 § - IDUnk = IDU status not known, prevalence may be too low.         

 Lithuania: One of the six studies available is IDUnk (Sub-National: N=799; 1.9% infected).   

 Hungary: One of the two studies available is IDUnk (National: N= 69; 0.0% infected).   

 Finland: One of the three studies available is IDUnk (National: N= 1363; 0.1% infected).   

 Portugal: Two of three studies are IDUnk (All National: N=4232; 15.6% infected and N=1845; 9.1% infected)               

Sources:

 See Table INF-108 .   

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