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Country | Year | Source/ reference (1) | Definition and methodological comments (2) | Drug used | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(and if any: restriction on base population) | Note | % | ||||
Belgium | 2008 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use. Comment: cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1078) | any illicit drug | 65 | |
cannabis | 58 | |||||
cocaine, crack | 43 | |||||
heroin | 28 | |||||
amphetamines | 29 | |||||
ecstasy | 29 | |||||
Belgium | 2006 | 2 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use. Comment: national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of adult prisoners, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902). | any illicit drug | 60 | |
cannabis | 52 | |||||
cocaine, crack | 39 | |||||
heroin | 27 | |||||
amphetamines | 27 | |||||
ecstasy | 28 | |||||
LSD, magic mushrooms | 20 | |||||
2003 | 3 | Persons reporting having used illicit drugs (prior/within prison). Comment: survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n= 886). | any illicit drug | 51 | ||
cannabis | 47 | |||||
cocaine | 36 | |||||
heroin | 26 | |||||
amphetamines | 33 | |||||
ecstasy | 31 | |||||
Bulgaria | 2008 | 1 | Persons reporting at admission to the prison lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment Comment: national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 9983) | Any illicit drug | 15 | |
cannabis | 3 | |||||
cocaine | 0.8 | |||||
heroin | 8 | |||||
amphetamines | 3 | |||||
ecstasy | 1 | |||||
2007 | 2 | Persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) Comment: national survey in 17 remand prisons among all new cases accused, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 7780) | any illicit drug | 10 | ||
2006 | 3 | Persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) Comment: national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons (n= 11400) | any illicit drug | 18 | ||
cannabis | 3 | |||||
cocaine | 2 | |||||
heroin | 10 | |||||
amphetamines | 3 | |||||
ecstasy | 2 | |||||
2006 | 3 | Persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report). Comment: national survey in 6 prisons among prisoners (n= 3733) | Any illicit drug | 11 | ||
2006 | 3 | Persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report). Comment: national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners (n= 7274) | cannabis | 7 | ||
cocaine | 1 | |||||
heroin | 9 | |||||
amphetamines | 2 | |||||
ecstasy | 2 | |||||
2006 | 4 | Persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report). Comment: national survey in 17 prisons among on remand detainees (n= 3567) | Any illicit drug | 8 | ||
cannabis | 1 | |||||
cocaine | 0.3 | |||||
heroin | 5 | |||||
amphetamines | 0.3 | |||||
ecstasy | 0.8 | |||||
2006 | 5 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior/within prison. Comment: national survey in 10 prisons among sentenced detainees (n= 1257) | Any illicit drug | 37 | ||
cannabis | 31 | |||||
cocaine | 23 | |||||
heroin | 23 | |||||
amphetamines | 19 | |||||
ecstasy | 18 | |||||
2004 | 6 | Persons registered (in the judicial file) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment. Comment: national survey based on cases for which drug use prior to imprisonment was mentioned during the collection of data for the judicial file, among all convicted detainees (n= 11521). | any illicit drug | 15 | ||
cannabis | 4 | |||||
cocaine | 3 | |||||
heroin | 4 | |||||
amphetamines | 2 | |||||
ecstasy | 2 | |||||
2004 | 6 | Persons in contact with health services, psychologists and social workers reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: national survey in all prisons in Bulgaria (n= 11521). | any illicit drug | (4) | 7 | |
cannabis | (4) | 1 | ||||
cocaine | (4) | 0.8 | ||||
heroin | (4) | 3 | ||||
amphetamines | (4) | 0.5 | ||||
Greece | 2000 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comments: survey in 1 prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 136) | any illicit drug | 48 | |
Spain | 2006 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment Comments: nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | cannabis | 65 | |
cocaine | 53 | |||||
crack | 39 | |||||
heroin | 39 | |||||
heroin + cocaine in the same dose | 31 | |||||
amphetamines | 25 | |||||
ecstasy | 24 | |||||
Italy | 2003 | 12 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment (based on self-report). Comment:survey among new admissions in 9 prisons of 8 cities spread across national territory (n= 1267) | any illicit drug | 56 | |
cannabis | 33 | |||||
cocaine | 42 | |||||
heroin | 34 | |||||
amphetamines | 5 | |||||
ecstasy | 7 | |||||
hallucinogens | 6 | |||||
Latvia | 2003 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted Persons (n= 2867). | any illicit drug | 53 | |
cannabis | 51 | |||||
cocaine | 15 | |||||
heroin | 21 | |||||
amphetamines | 22 | |||||
ecstasy | 17 | |||||
Lithiania | 2003 | 2 | Persons reporting lifetime use of a narcotic drug. Comment: survey in all penal institutions among those who returned the questionnaire including men (1122), women (67) and minor boys (115) (n= 1304). | any illicit drug | 49 | |
Hungary | 2008 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | any illicit drug | 44 | |
cannabis | 38 | |||||
cocaine | 19 | |||||
heroin | 8 | |||||
amphetamines | 22 | |||||
ecstasy | 23 | |||||
2004 | 2 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | any illicit drug (adult males) | 31.5 | ||
cannabis (adult males) | 26 | |||||
cocaine (adult males) | 11 | |||||
heroin (adult males) | 7 | |||||
amphetamines (adult males) | 16 | |||||
ecstasy (adult males) | 16 | |||||
2004 | 2 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use (both prior to and in prison). Comment: national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | any illicit drug (adult males) | 34 | ||
cannabis (adult males) | 27 | |||||
cocaine (adult males) | 11 | |||||
heroin (adult males) | 8 | |||||
amphetamines (adult males) | 16 | |||||
ecstasy (adult males) | 17 | |||||
The Netherlands | 2003 | 1 | Men reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: survey in 8 prisons among male detainees (n= 355). | any illicit drug (males) | 79 | |
2002-03 | 2 | Youth reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: survey in 8 youth detention centres in 3 regions among a representative sample (n= 205) (random sample of 135 boys and over-sample of 70 girls) of 14-17 year-olds on remand and convicted. | cannabis (youth) | 78 | ||
cocaine (youth) | 11 | |||||
heroin/opiates (youth) | 4 | |||||
amphetamines (youth) | 8 | |||||
ecstasy (youth) | 18 | |||||
hallucinogenic mushrooms (youth) | 13 | |||||
crack (youth) | 2 | |||||
LSD (youth) | 3 | |||||
Poland | 2007 | 1 | Adult men reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: nationwide survey (41 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1240). | any illicit drug (adult males) | 49 | |
cannabis (adult males) | 43 | |||||
cocaine (adult males) | 21 | |||||
heroin (adult males) | 8 | |||||
amphetamines (adult males) | 39 | |||||
ecstasy (adult males) | 29 | |||||
2001 | 2 | Adult men reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1189). | cannabis (adult males) | 39 | ||
cocaine (adult males) | 19 | |||||
heroin (adult males) | 10 | |||||
amphetamines (adult males) | 36 | |||||
ecstasy (adult males) | 20 | |||||
Portugal | 2007 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986). | any illicit drug | 55 | |
cannabis | 48 | |||||
cocaine | 35 | |||||
heroin | 30 | |||||
amphetamines | 15 | |||||
ecstasy | 18 | |||||
2007 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use (both prior to and in prison). Comment: nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986). | any illicit drug | 59 | ||
cannabis | 55 | |||||
cocaine | 40 | |||||
heroin | 34 | |||||
amphetamines | 16 | |||||
ecstasy | 20 | |||||
2001 | 2 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057). | any illicit drug | 61 | ||
cannabis | 54 | |||||
cocaine | 44 | |||||
heroin | 44 | |||||
amphetamines | 18 | |||||
ecstasy | 16 | |||||
Slovenia | 2008 | 1 | Persons classified as lifetime drug users Comment: routine monitoring in all prisons and correctional centre amongst on remand, convicted detention prisoners (juvenile included) (n= 4383) admitted into prison during the year. Expert estimations | any illicit drug | 28 | |
Romania | 2006 | 1 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment Comment: survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | any illicit drug | 16 | |
cannabis | 15 | |||||
cocaine | 6 | |||||
heroin | 8 | |||||
amphetamines | 1 | |||||
ecstasy | 4 | |||||
LSD | 1 | |||||
Finland | 2001 | 1 | Persons reporting having used illicit drugs. Comment: national survey among a sample of voluntary HIV tested convicted prisoners (n= 825). | any illicit drug | 58 | |
opiates | 5 | |||||
amphetamines | 29 | |||||
United Kingdom (England) | 2001 | 2 | Women reporting lifetime drug use. Comment: national survey of female prisoners on remand and convicted in 10 prisons (n= 301). (from Borrill et al., 2003a) | any illicit drug (females) | 80 | |
cannabis (females) | 77 | |||||
cocaine (females) | 36 | |||||
crack (females) | 50 | |||||
heroin (females) | 49 | |||||
amphetamines (females) | 48 | |||||
ecstasy (females) | 40 | |||||
LSD (females) | 35 | |||||
tranquilizers (females) | 48 | |||||
(England and Wales) | 2005-06 | 3 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use. Comment: survey in 49 prisons holding newly sentenced receptions among all adults sentenced between 1 month and 4 years (n= 1457). | any of heroin, crack, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis | 79 | |
cannabis | 70 | |||||
cocaine | 43 | |||||
crack | 41 | |||||
heroin | 37 | |||||
amphetamines | 37 | |||||
Norway | 2002 | 2 | Persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment. Comment: national survey in all 52 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1074). | any illicit drug | 70 | |
cannabis | 65 | |||||
cocaine | 51 | |||||
heroin | 37 | |||||
amphetamines | 59 | |||||
ecstasy | 45 | |||||
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Page last updated: Wednesday, 14 July 2010