Table EYE-10. Recent school surveys (2005–2008): percentage lifetime prevalence of psychoactive substance use among students aged 15–16 years old

Country		Year	Reference	Project	Sample size	Cannabis	Inhalants/volatile substances	Amphetamines	Ecstasy	LSD and other hallucinogens	Cocaine	Heroin
Belgium (Flemish)		2008	1	VAD	2168	21	:	3	4	2	2	1
Bulgaria		2007		ESPAD	2353	22	3	6	6	3	3	2
Czech Republic		2007		ESPAD	3901	45	7	3	5	5	1	1
Denmark	(8)	2007		ESPAD	877	25	6	5	5	1	3	2
Germany	(2)	2007		ESPAD	5011	20	11	5	3	2	3	1
Estonia		2007		ESPAD	2372	26	9	4	6	3	2	1
Ireland		2007		ESPAD	2221	20	15	3	4	3	4	1
Greece		2007		ESPAD	3060	6	9	3	2	2	1	1
Spain	(1)	2008		PNSD	16460	33	2	3	2	3	4	1
France		2007		ESPAD	2916	31	12	4	4	2	5	3
Italy	(1)	2008	1	ESPAD Italy	14667	17	5	2	2	3	3	2
Cyprus		2007		ESPAD	6340	5	16	3	3	2	3	2
Latvia		2007		ESPAD	2275	18	13	6	7	4	2	1
Lithuania		2007		ESPAD	2411	18	3	3	3	2	2	1
Luxembourg		2005/6		HBSC(WHO)	1507	23	:	:	:	:	:	:
Hungary		2007		ESPAD	2817	13	8	4	5	3	2	1
Malta		2007		ESPAD	3668	13	16	5	4	2	4	1
Netherlands		2007		ESPAD	2091	28	6	2	4	3	3	1
Austria		2007		ESPAD	2571	17	14	8	3	2	3	1
Poland		2007		ESPAD	2120	16	6	4	4	2	2	2
Portugal		2007		ESPAD	3141	13	4	2	2	1	2	2
Romania		2007		ESPAD	2289	4	4	1	1	1	2	0
Slovenia		2007		ESPAD	3085	22	16	2	3	2	3	2
Slovakia		2007		ESPAD	2468	32	13	2	6	4	3	1
Finland		2007		ESPAD	4988	8	10	1	2	1	1	1
Sweden		2008		CAN	4884	5	5	1	1	1	1	1
United Kingdom		2007		ESPAD	2179	29	9	2	4	3	5	1
United Kingdom (England)	(3)(4)	2008	1	NatCen/NFER	1827	27	:	3	4	6	6	1
United Kingdom (Scotland)	(3)(4)	2006	1	Scottish Gov.	11980	25	5	3	5	4	5	2
United Kingdom (N.Ireland)	(3)(4)	2007	1	National Agency	:	17	11	3	5	4	5	1
Croatia		2007		ESPAD	3008	18	11	2	2	2	2	1
Turkey	(2)	2003		ESPAD	4177	4	4	2	2	2	2	2
Norway		2007		ESPAD	3482	6	7	1	1	1	1	1
United States of America	(6)(7)	2005	1	NIDA	16200	34	13	11	4	6	5	2

Notes:

 This table presents data on 15- to 16-year-old school students obtained from national surveys. The surveys for Belgium (Flemish ) is the Flemish region only, and the Germany and Turkish ESPAD is limited to the regions specified in the following notes. In all of the school surveys, the method for data collection was classroom-based, anonymous, self-completion questionnaires in written test conditions.         

 Caution is required comparing figures due to methodological limitations. For methods and definitions, see Methods and definitions: youth and the schools population.         

 ESPAD (European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs) is coordinated by the Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAN) and the Council of Europe (Pompidou Group). ESPAD prevalence figures are taken from published ESPAD reports and may differ sometimes from those reported directly by Member States. The sample sizes given refer to the number of participating 15- to 16-year-old students who filled in the questionnaire.         

 (1) ESPAD methods are adopted to varying degrees.         

 (2) ESPAD 2007 Germany figures are based in seven regions only (Bavaria, Brandenburg, Berlin, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Saarland and Thuringia). ESPAD 2007 Belgium figures are based on Flanders only. ESPAD 2003 Turkey figures are based on one major city in each of six different regions (Adana, Ankara, Diyarbakir, Istanbul, Izmir and Samsun).          

 (3) The sample size given for these surveys is for a wider age range than 15 to 16 years.         

 (4) Only 15-year-old students are included in United Kingdom ONS and Scottish Executive school surveys.          

 (5) To be interpreted with caution as sample size is small and private and vocational schools are excluded.         

 (6) Inhalants are adjusted for under-reporting of butyl nitrites.         

 (7) Amphetamines includes only drug use not under a doctor's order.         

 (8) ESPAD 2007 data for Denmark has limited comparability.                 

 See also 'General notes for interpreting data' on the Explanatory notes and help page.           

Sources:

 See Table EYE-0 for further information on sources.         

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