Table PDU-1. Estimates of prevalence of problem drug use at national level: summary table, 2003–08, rate per 1000 aged 15–64 [see all tables in this series...]

Part (i) Overall problem drug use

Country	Notes	Year	Central rate/1000 ages 15–64		Lower and Upper rates/1000 ages 15-64 [1]				Estimated number of users		Lower and upper bound of prevalence estimates [1]				Target group, data sources and estimation methods	Reference
Belgium		:	:		:				:		:		:		:	:
Bulgaria		:	:		:				:		:		:		:	:
Czech Republic	1	2008	4.4		4.1	-	4.7		32500		30400	-	34700		Problem opioid and stimulant users. Low-threshold facilities. Treatment Multiplier.	2
Denmark	1	2005	7.5		7.1	-	8.0		26979		25390	-	28568		Drug abusers having a persistent use of illegal drugs including cannabis. The National Patient Register. National Register of Drug Abusers Undergoing Treatment. Capture-recapture.	6
Germany	2 *	2006	n.a.		3.0	-	3.6		182500		167000	-	198000		Problem opioid, cocaine and amphetamine users. National treatment statistics. Treatment Multiplier.	:
Estonia		:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Ireland		:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Greece	1	2008	2.7		2.3	-	3.1		20181		17502	-	23391		Problem drug users. Drug treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Spain		2006	1.4		1.3	-	1.4		41036		38719	-	43649		Problem opioid users. Drug treatement and surveys data. Treatment Multiplier.	3
France	1*	2008	6.8		3.7	-	9.5		255500		144000	-	367000		Problem drug users. Health and socio-economic indicators Drug Treatment, Surveys, Criminal justice system, Emergency services, General practitioners, Low-threshold services, Hospitals, Social services, Methadone programmes. Multivariate indicator method, Treatment and Police multipier.	7 ; 8 ; 9 ; 10
Italy	1	2008	9.8		9.5	-	10.1		385000		375000	-	395000		Problem Stimulant and opiate users. Treatment data. Treatment multiplier.	26
Cyprus	1	2008	2.0		1.6	-	2.4		1087		907	-	1337		Problem opioid and stimulant users. Treatment data. Truncated Poisson.	7
Latvia	*	2006	n.a.		3.1	-	6.2		7191		4794	-	9588		Problem drug users. Treatment data. Treatment Multiplier.	4
Lithuania		:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Luxembourg		2007	7.7		6.5	-	9.9		2470		2089	-	3199		Problem drug users. Drug-related deaths, criminal justice system, drug treatment, infectious diseases registries and methadone programmes. Multi-methods: Treament multiplier, Police multiplier, mortality multiplier, Capture-recapture and Truncated Poisson.	4
Hungary	2	2005	3.5		2.8	-	4.2		24204		19333	-	29075		Problem drug users. Data from drug treatment and police records. Capture-recapture.	2
Malta	1 ; 5	2006	5.7		5.5	-	6.0		1606		1541	-	1685		Problem drug users defined as daily heroin users. Treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Netherlands		:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Austria	1	2007	4.1		4.0	-	4.3		23178		22198	-	24157		(Poly-) drug use including opiates. Treatment and Police data. Capture-recapture.	1
Poland	2 ; 6	2005	4.2		3.7	-	4.7		112500		100000	-	125000		Problem drug users. General population survey and Treatment data. Benchmark method.	9
Portugal	2 *	2005	n.a.		4.3	-	7.4		42037		30833	-	53240		Problem drug users. Treatment and mortality data. Treatment multiplier and Outreach work teams multiplier.	5
Romania		:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovenia		2004	7.8		6.6	-	9.2		10654		9078	-	12593		Problem opioid and stimulant users. Treatment and police data. Capture-recapture.	1
Slovakia	1	2008	2.7		2.1	-	8.5		10519		8182	-	33489		Problem drug users. Low-threshold agencies. Multiplier method.	7
Finland	1 ; 4	2005	4.8		4.2	-	5.5		16600		14500	-	19100		Problem stimulant and opiate users. Hospital data, Criminal Justice, Infectious Diseases data. Capture-recapture.	7
Sweden	2	2007	4.9		n.a.				29513		n.a.				Problem drug users. In-patient treatment centres (hospitals, emergency services), Swedish Prison and Probation Service. Truncated Poisson with Chao's estimator	2
United Kingdom	1	2003-07	10.0		9.8	-	10.1		400469		393247	-	417861		Problem drug users. Treatment, population density, prison, drug-related deaths, drug offences, police, probation. Capture-recapture, multivariate indicator method.	21 ; 22 ; 23
Croatia		:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Turkey		2008	0.5		0.5	:	1.1		25853		21573	:	51456		Problem opiod users. Drug related deaths. Mortality multiplier.	1 ; 2
Norway		:	:		:				:		:				:	:

Notes:

 n.a. = not available.                                 

 1 - Interval is a 95 % confidence interval.                                 

 2 - Confidence Interval not known.                                 

 3 - Interval is based on a sensitivity analysis.                                 

 4 - Finland: the original age range of study was 15–54, the rate was adjusted to ages 15–64.                                 

 5 - Malta: the original age range of the study is 12 to 64 years old.                                 

 6 - Poland: the original age range of the study refers to all ages.                                 

 * - The figure shown is based on average between the lower and upper bound of prevalence estimate.                                 

 For further details on methods and data sources/comments see Table PDU-102 and Table PDU-103.   

 See also ‘General notes for interpreting data’ on the Explanatory notes and help page                                 

Sources:

 For bibliographic references see Table PDU-0                                 

 2009 REITOX National Reports - Fonte PDU template                                 

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