Table PDU-1. Estimates of prevalence of problem drug use at national level: summary table, 2003–08, rate per 1000 aged 15–64 [see all tables in this series...]

Part (iii) Problem opioid use

Country		Notes		Year	Central rate/1000 ages 15–64		Lower and Upper rates/1000 ages 15-64 [1]				Estimated Number of users		Lower and upper bound of prevalence estimates [1]				Target group, data sources and estimation methods	Reference
Belgium				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Bulgaria				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Czech Republic		1		2008	1.5		1.4	-	1.6		11300		10600	-	12000		Problem opioid users. Low-threshold facilities. Treatment Multiplier.	2
Denmark				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Germany		2 *		2008	n.a.		1.5	-	2.5		111295		85235	-	137354		Problem opioid users. Drug related deaths, Police. Mortality and Police multiplier.	27
Estonia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Ireland		1		2006	7.2		6.2	-	8.1		20790		18136	-	23576		Problem opioid users. Treatment data, Hospitals. Capture-recapture.	3 ; 4
Greece		1		2008	2.7		2.3	-	3.1		20181		17502	-	23391		Problem drug users. Drug treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Spain				2006	1.4		1.3	-	1.4		41036		38719	-	43649		Problem opioid users. Drug treatement and surveys data. Treatment Multiplier.	3
France				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Italy		1		2008	5.5		5.3	-	5.7		210000		204000	-	216000		Problem opioid users. Treatment, Criminal Justice and Prison data. Multivariate method.	25
Cyprus		1*		2008	1.5		1.2	-	1.8		808		668	-	1008		Problem opioid users. Treatment data. Truncated Poisson.	7
Latvia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Lithuania				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Luxembourg				2007	5.9		5.0	-	7.6		1900		1608	-	2463		Problem heroin users. Drug-related deaths, criminal justice system, drug treatment, infectious diseases registries and methadone programmes. Multi-methods: Treament multiplier, Police multiplier, mortality multiplier, Capture-recapture and Truncated Poisson.	4
Hungary				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Malta		1		2006	5.7		5.5	-	6.0		1606		1541	-	1685		Problem drug users defined as daily heroin users. Treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Netherlands				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Austria		1		2007	4.1		4.0		4.3		23178		22198	-	24157		(Poly-) drug use including opiates. Treatment and Police data. Capture-recapture.	1
Poland		2 ; 7		2005	1.0		0.9	-	1.1		27000		25000	-	29000		Problem opioid drug users. General population survey and Treatment data. Benchmark method.	9
Portugal				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Romania				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovenia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovakia		1		2008	1.3		1.0	-	2.5		4888		3966	-	9782		Problem opioid users. Low-threshold agencies. Multiplier method.	7
Finland		1 ; 4		2005	1.2		1.1	-	1.4		4204		3700	-	4900		Problem opioid users. Hospital data, Criminal Justice, Infectious Diseases data. Capture-recapture.	7
Sweden				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
United Kingdom				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Croatia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Turkey				2008	0.5		0.5	-	1.1		25853		21573	-	51456		Problem opiod users. Drug related deaths. Mortality multiplier.	1 ; 2
Norway				2008	3.0		2.1	-	3.9		9450		6600	-	12300		Problem heroin users. Drug-related deaths, Social services, Surveys. Combined methods	5

Notes:

 n.a. = not available.                                     

 1 - Interval is a 95 % confidence interval.                                     

 2 - Confidence Interval not known.                                     

 3 - Interval is based on a sensitivity analysis.                                     

 4 - Finland: the original age range of study was 15–54, the rate was adjusted to ages 15–64.                                     

 5 - Malta: original age range of study was 12 to 64 years old.                                     

 6 - Latvia: original age range of study was all ages.                                     

 7 - Poland: the original age range of the study refers to all ages.                                     

 * - Central estimate based on average between lower and upper bound of prevalence estimate.                                     

 For further details on methods and data sources/comments see Table PDU-102 and Table PDU-103.                                     

 See also ‘General notes for interpreting data’ on the Explanatory notes and help page                                     

Sources:

 For bibliographic references see Table PDU-0                                     

 2009 REITOX National Reports - Fonte PDU template                                     

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