Table INF-1. Prevalence of HIV infection among injecting drug users in the EU countries, Croatia, Turkey and Norway, 2009 or most recent year available — Summary table by country

Country or region			% Infected (1)
	Year	Number tested	National samples	Sub-national samples	Study design (2)	Setting/comments (3, 4, 5)	References
Belgium	2009	499	:	0,0-5,1	DT ; SR	LTS, DTC; serum	22 ; 25 ; 99
Bulgaria	2009	960	:	2.7	DT	DTC, NSP, LTS, HTC; serum	7a ; 7b
Czech Republic	2009	3862	0.1-0.5	:	DT ; SR	STI, OHC, HTC, DTC, LTS, NSP, GPS; PHL; serum, saliva, capillary blood	26 ; 27 ; 28
Denmark	2006	188	2.1	:	SP (UAT)	ODD, 5 sites; IDUnk	7
Germany	2007	1394	3.4	:	DT	ODD; autopsy rates 62%; Drug related deaths throught accident, long term effects, suicide. IDUnk	30 ; 31
Estonia	2005	449	:	54.3 - 89.9	DT	LTS; dried blood spots	4
Ireland	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.
Greece	2009	1942	0.4-0.5	0.0-1.5	DT;SP	DTC, LTS, PHL, OHC, PRI, OTH; serum	1 ; 2 ; 9 ; 18
Spain	2008	8126	32.5	:	DT	DTC, PRI,535 sites; serum. Ever injectors.	39 ; 40
France	2006	698	:	5.1-8.0	SP (UAT) ; SR	NSP, LTS, STR; saliva	19 ; 21
Italy	2009	60057	11.5	0.9-26.4	DT	DTC, 533 sites; serum IDUnk	47 ; 48a ; 48b
Cyprus	2009	349	0.0-1.3	:	DT ; SR	DTC,PRI; serum	10
Latvia	2009	1238	8.8	:	DT	NSP,18 sites; rapid HIV tests (capillary blood from finger)	13
Lithuania	2006	1853	:	0.6–9.7	DT ; SP	HTC, NSP, LTS, 22 sites; serum, dried blood spots; IDUnk §	1 ; 6 ; 8 ; 11 ; 12 ; 99
Luxembourg	2008	171	1.8	:	SR	DTC, Register of specialized drugs, 9 sites.	8
Hungary	2009	911	0.0	0.0	SP	DTC, NSP, PRI, 23 sites ; serum, dried blood spots	19 ; 20a ; 20b ; 21
Malta	2009	125	0.0	:	DT	DTC,STI;HTC 2 site; serum	2 ; 3 ; 5 ; 7
Netherlands	2009	46	:	0.0	SP	DTC,LTS, 4 sites; serum	34
Austria	2009	844	1.9-11.8	0.0-3.3	DT	NSP, LTS, ODD, DTC, 46 sites; serum	2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 12
Poland	2009	1361	5.5	8.9-26.4	DT;SP	PHL, HTC,OTH,LTS; serum	10 ; 11 ; 12
Portugal	2009	7181	6.7-17.2	:	DT	DTC, Outpatient units, Therapeutic communities, Public detoxification units; dried blood spots; IDUnk §	30
Romania	2009	778	3.3	1.1	SR;SP(UAT)	DTC, NSP, LTS,STR 70 sites; serum, dried blood spots, urine	2 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7
Slovenia	2009	560	1.2	0.0	SP (UAT) ; DT	NSP, DTC, LTS, 21 sites ; saliva, serum	3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6
Slovakia	2009	249	0.7	1.0	DT;SP	DTC,PHL,ANT,HTC,NSP; serum	10 ; 12 ; 13
Finland	2009	679		0.7	SP (UAT)	NSP, 9 sites; saliva; current IDUs	8
Sweden	2009	250	:	2.0	DT	PRI; serum	13
United Kingdom	2009	3289	:	0.9-4.1	SP (UAT)	DTC, NSP, LTS, primary care, 60 sites; saliva, dried blood spots	50 ; 51 ; 53 ; 54
Croatia	2007-08	778	0.0	0.0	SP	DTC, NSP, LTS, PHL, HTC, PRI; serum	1
Turkey	2008	168	:	0.0	DT	serum	2
Norway	2009	4559	2.4	1.1	SP	NSP, DTC, LTS, 24 sites; serum	12; 16 ; 18 ; 19 ; 20 ; 21

Notes:

 This summary table gives a global overview of HIV prevalence in IDUs in the EU, 2009 or most recent year available. Data for more than one year are combined if they clearly improve generalisability (e.g. national data, out-of-treatment data). Prevalence in this table should not be compared with previous versions to follow changes over time, as inclusion of sources may vary according to data availability. For time trends see Tables:INF-108, INF-109, and INF-110   

 n.a. = not available   

 (1) The figures show estimates (or range of estimates) from National and/or Sub-National level samples.   

 (2) Self-reported test results are less reliable than biological test results.   

 DT: Diagnostic testing; SP: Seroprevalence study; SP-UAT: Seroprevalence study with unlinked anonymous testing; RDS: Respondent-driven sampling; SR: Data (partly) based on self reported test results.   

 (3) Having health problems is one selection criterion for admission to drug treatment in some countries or cities (Greece, Portugal, Rome), due to long waiting lists or special programmes for infected IDUs, and this may result in upward bias of prevalence. Prevalence from treatment data should therefore be interpreted in combination with non-treatment data. On the other hand, data from Italy and Portugal include non-IDUs and may thus underestimate prevalence in IDUs.    

 (4) § IDUnk = IDU status not known, prevalence in IDUs is likely to be underestimated.   

 (5) ODD = Overdose Deaths; DEM = Drug Emergencies; DTC = Drug Treatment Centres; NSP = Needle Exchanges; LTS = Low-Threshold Services; PHL = Public Health Laboratories; STI = STI Clinics; ANT = Antenatal Clinics; OHC = Other Hospital or Clinics; PRI = Prisons; ARR = Arrests; GPS = General Practitioners; HTC = HIV Testing Centres; STR = Street; OTH = Other.   

 Lithuania: One of the six studies available is IDUnk (Sub-National: N=799; 1.9% infected).   

 Portugal: Two of three studies are IDUnk (All National: N=3778; 11.9% infected and N=2512; 6.7% infected)   

Sources:

 See Table INF-108 .   

 For references see Table INF-0. Bibliographic References-Part A: References for prevalence data     

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