Table PDU-1. Estimates of prevalence of problem drug use at national level: Summary Table, 2004-2009, rate per 1000 aged 15-64 [see all tables in this series...]

Part (iii) Problem opioid use

Country		Notes		Year	Central rate/1000 ages 15–64		Lower and Upper rates/1000 ages 15-64 [1]				Estimated Number of users		Lower and upper bound of prevalence estimates [1]				Target group, data sources and estimation methods	Reference
Belgium				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Bulgaria				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Czech Republic		1		2009	1.6		1.5	-	1.7		12100		11500	-	12800		Problem opioid users. Low-threshold facilities. Treatment Multiplier.	7
Denmark				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Germany		2 ; 8		2009	n.a.		1.6	-	2.3				89014	-	126609		Problem opioid users. Drug related deaths, Police. Mortality and Police multiplier.	30 ; 31 ; 32
Estonia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Ireland		1		2006	7.2		6.2	-	8.1		20790		18136	-	23576		Problem opioid users. Treatment data, Hospitals. Capture-recapture.	3 ; 4
Greece		1		2009	3.2		2.8	-	3.6		24097		21362	-	27272		Problem drug users. Drug treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Spain				2008	1.3		1.2	-	1.3		40015		37904	-	42730		Problem opioid users. Drug treatement and surveys data. Treatment Multiplier.	3
France				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Italy		1		2009	5.5		5.3	-	5.6		216000		209500	-	222500		Opioid and Cocaine users elegible for treatment. Treatment data. Treatment multiplier	27
Cyprus		1		2009	1.9		1.6	-	2.3		1042		868	-	1286		Problem opioid users. Treatment data. Truncated Poisson.	8
Latvia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Lithuania		1		2007	2.4		2.3	-	2.4		5458		5314	-	5605		Long duration/regular use of opioids,multiple drug use,other psychoactive substances.Treatment,Criminal Justice data. Capture-recapture.	3
Luxembourg				2007	5.9		5.0	-	7.6		1900		1608	-	2463		Problem heroin users. Drug-related deaths, criminal justice system, drug treatment, infectious diseases registries and methadone programmes. Multi-methods: Treament multiplier, Police multiplier, mortality multiplier, Capture-recapture and Truncated Poisson.	4
Hungary		1		2007-08	0.5		0.4		0.5		3130		2780	-	3480		Heroin users. Opiates other than heroin were excluded. Treatment and police arrest data. Capture-recapture.	4
Malta		1		2006	5.4		5.1	-	5.6		1606		1541	-	1685		Problem drug users defined as daily heroin users. Treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Netherlands		1		2008	1.6		1.6		1.6		17700		17300	-	18100		Problem opiates users. National Alcohol and Drugs Information System (LADIS). Treatment multiplier.	32
Austria		1		2009	4.6		4.4		4.7		25777		24867	-	26687		(Poly-) drug use including opiates. Treatment and Police data. Capture-recapture.	9 ; 10 ; 11
Poland		2 ; 7		2005	1.0		0.9	-	1.1		27000		25000	-	29000		Problem opioid drug users. General population survey and Treatment data. Benchmark method.	9
Portugal				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Romania				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovenia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovakia		1		2008	1.3		1.0	-	2.5		4888		3966	-	9782		Problem opioid users. Low-threshold agencies. Multiplier method.	7
Finland		1 ; 4		2005	1.2		1.1	-	1.4		4204		3700	-	4900		Problem opioid users. Hospital data, Criminal Justice, Infectious Diseases data. Capture-recapture.	7
Sweden				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
United Kingdom				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Croatia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Turkey				2008	0.5		0.5	-	1.1		25853		21573	-	51456		Problem opiod users. Drug related deaths. Mortality multiplier.	1 ; 2
Norway				2008	3.0		2.1	-	3.9		9450		6600	-	12300		Problem heroin users. Drug-related deaths, Social services, Surveys. Combined methods	5

Notes:

 n.a. = not available.                                     

 1 - Interval is a 95 % confidence interval.                                     

 2 - Confidence Interval not known.                                     

 3 - Interval is based on a sensitivity analysis.                                     

 4 - Finland: the original age range of study was 15–54, the rate was adjusted to ages 15–64.                                     

 5 - Malta: original age range of study was 12 to 64 years old.                                     

 6 - Latvia: original age range of study was all ages.                                     

 7 - Poland: the original age range of the study refers to all ages.                                     

 8 - Germany reported more than one estimate for the most recent year. The lowest confidence bound and the highest confidence bound are reported as an indication of the range of possible values. For full details see Table PDU-102  

 For further details on methods and data sources/comments see Table PDU-102 and Table PDU-103.                                     

 See also ‘General notes for interpreting data’ on the Explanatory notes and help page                                     

Sources:

 For bibliographic references see Table PDU-0                                     

 2010 REITOX National Reports - Fonte PDU template                                     

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