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Table DUP-105. Prevalence (percentage) of drug use among prisoners in EU member states and Norway - full listing of studies
| Country | Source / Ref. (1) | Year | Definition of drug use | Drug used (and if any: restriction on base population) | % | Methodological comments (2) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting injecting drug use (almost) daily, once or several times during last month before current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 7 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | |||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 33 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last year drug use during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 15 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last month drug use during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 12 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use (from multiple times a month to once and multiple times a week and daily use) during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 12 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting injecting drug use during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 2 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 61 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting injecting drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 15 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1251) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime drug use | any illicit drug | 65 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1078) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime drug use during the current detention | any illicit drug | 35 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 1078) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use | any illicit drug | 60 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use | any illicit drug | 18 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | persons reporting having used illicit drugs (or an unprescribed psychotropic drug) before the current detention | any illicit drug | 30 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use before the current detention | any illicit drug | 14 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | persons reporting having used illicit drugs (or an unprescribed psychotropic drug) during the current detention | any illicit drug | 30 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | persons reporting drug injecting during the current detention | any illicit drug | 4 | cross-sectional national survey in all the 32 Belgian prisons in a representative sample of 10% of prisoners in each prison, including remanded, sentenced and mentally disordered prisoners, both males and females (n= 902) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 51 | national survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n= 886) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime drug injecting (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 15 | national survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n= 886) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | persons reporting having used illicit drugs during the last incarceration | any illicit drug | 33 | national survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n= 886) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | persons reporting injecting drug use during the last incarceration | any illicit drug | 2 | national survey in a random sample of 10 prisons (over a total of 38) among on remand, convicted and social defence (psychiatric cases) prisoners (n= 886) | ||||||
| 5 | 1999 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 50 | survey in two prisons (1 male prison + 1 woman section in another prison) amongst voluntary prisoners (n= 246) | ||||||
| 5 | 1999 | persons reporting injecting drug use prior to imprisonment from a daily basis to a few times per week or per month | any illicit drug | 9 | survey in two prisons (1 male prison + 1 woman section in another prison) amongst voluntary prisoners (n= 246) | ||||||
| 5 | 1999 | persons reporting regular drug use during previous and current imprisonments | any illicit drug | 42 | survey in two prisons (1 male prison + 1 woman section in another prison) amongst voluntary prisoners (n= 246) | ||||||
| 5 | 1999 | persons reporting injecting drug use in prison from a daily basis to a few times per week or per month | 2 | survey in two prisons (1 male prison + 1 woman section in another prison) amongst voluntary prisoners (n= 246) | |||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 45 | survey in one prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n=115) | ||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | 22 | survey in one prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n=115) | |||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | cannabis | 38 | survey in one prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n=115) | ||||||
| 7 | 1993 | persons reporting having used illicit drugs | 42 | survey in one prison amongst voluntary prisoners entering prison (n=1627) | |||||||
| 7 | 1993 | persons reporting having ever injected drugs | 15 | survey in one prison amongst voluntary prisoners entering prison (n=1627) | |||||||
| Bulgaria | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 37 | cross-sectional national survey in all prisons among all convicted men and females, all ages during March 2011 (n= 3703) (Repeated survey, previous one in 2006, next planned every two years) | |||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last year drug use (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 22 | cross-sectional national survey in all prisons among all convicted men and females, all ages during March 2011 (n= 3703) (Repeated survey, previous one in 2006, next planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use: at least 10 times during the last 30 days and/or at least 30 times during the last 12 months (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 12 | cross-sectional national survey in all prisons among all convicted men and females, all ages during March 2011 (n= 3703) (Repeated survey, previous one in 2006, next planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting injecting drug use (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 19 | cross-sectional national survey in all prisons among all convicted men and females, all ages during March 2011 (n= 3703) (Repeated survey, previous one in 2006, next planned every two years) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting at admission to the prison lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | Any illicit drug | 17 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 5776) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting at admission to the prison drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | Any illicit drug | 11 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 5776) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting at admission to the prison drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | Any illicit drug | 5 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 5776) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting at admission to the prison regular drug use (long-term PDUs) prior to imprisonment | Any illicit drug | 10 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 5776) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting at admission to the prison ever injecting drugs prior to imprisonment | heroin | 7 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 5776) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting at admission to the prison lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | Any illicit drug | 15 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 9983) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting at admission to the prison drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | Any illicit drug | 11 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 9983) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting at admission to the prison drug use within the last year in prison | Any illicit drug | 4 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 9983) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting at admission to the prison drug use within the last month in prison | Any illicit drug | 0.6 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all convicted, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 9983) | ||||||
| 4 | 2007 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 10 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all new cases accused, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 7780) | ||||||
| 4 | 2007 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last year prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 8 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all new cases accused, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 7780) | ||||||
| 4 | 2007 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last month prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 1 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all new cases accused, defendant adults and detained persons in prison and remand arrest during the year (n= 7780) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 18 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons (n= 11400) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 11 | national survey in 6 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 3733) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | cannabis | 7 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 7274) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last year prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 6 | national survey in 6 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 3733) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last year prior to imprisonment (self-report) | cannabis | 5 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 7274) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last month prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 3 | national survey in 6 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 3733) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last month prior to imprisonment (self-report) | cannabis | 1 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 7274) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as regular drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 8 | national survey in 6 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 3733) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as regular drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | cannabis | 0.8 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 7274) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as injecting drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 7 | national survey in 6 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 3733) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as injecting drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | cocaine | 0.04 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 7274) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users in prison (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 1 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 2562) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last year in prison (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 1 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 2562) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last month in prison (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 0.1 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 2562) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as injecting drug users in prison (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 8 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 2562) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users (prior/within prison) (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 62 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 265) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last year (prior/within prison) (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 10 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 265) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last month (prior/within prison) (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 3 | national survey in 17 prisons among prisoners during the period Jan-April (n= 265) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 8 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons during the period Jan-April (n= 3567) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last year prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 2 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons during the period Jan-April (n= 3567) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as drug users within the last month prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 0.4 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons during the period Jan-April (n= 3567) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as regular drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 3 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons during the period Jan-April (n= 3567) | ||||||
| 5 | 2006 | persons registered (in the judicial and medical files) as injecting drug users prior to imprisonment (self-report) | Any illicit drug | 3 | national survey in 17 remand prisons among all accused, defendant adults and detained persons during the period Jan-April (n= 3567) | ||||||
| 6 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 37 | national survey in 10 prisons of 8 cities among a sample of persons serving sentence (n=1257) | ||||||
| 6 | 2006 | persons reporting last year drug use (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 15 | national survey in 10 prisons of 8 cities among a sample of persons serving sentence (n=1257) | ||||||
| 6 | 2006 | persons reporting last month drug use (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 9 | national survey in 10 prisons of 8 cities among a sample of persons serving sentence (n=1257) | ||||||
| 6 | 2006 | persons reporting last month drug use more than 5 time in the last 30 days (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 4 | national survey in 10 prisons of 8 cities among a sample of persons serving sentence (n=1257) | ||||||
| 6 | 2006 | persons reporting injecting drug use at least once in the last 12 months (prior/within prison) | Any illicit drug | 4 | national survey in 10 prisons of 8 cities among a sample of persons serving sentence (n=1257) | ||||||
| 7 | 2004 | persons registered (in the judicial file) as lifetime drug users prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 15 | national survey based on cases for which drug use prior to imprisonment was mentioned during the collection of data for the judicial file, among all convicted detainees (n= 11521) | ||||||
| 8 | 2004 | persons in contact with health services, psychologists and social workers reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | (3) | 7 | national survey among inmates who made contact with health services, psychologists and social workers in prison (n= 11521) | |||||
| 8 | 2004 | persons in contact with health services, psychologists and social workers reporting drug use in the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | (3) | 4 | national survey among inmates who made contact with health services, psychologists and social workers in prison (n= 11521) | |||||
| 8 | 2004 | persons in contact with health services, psychologists and social workers reporting drug use in the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | (3) | 2 | national survey among inmates who made contact with health services, psychologists and social workers in prison (n= 11521) | |||||
| 8 | 2004 | persons in contact with health services, psychologists and social workers reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | (3) | 2 | national survey among inmates who made contact with health services, psychologists and social workers in prison (n= 11521) | |||||
| Czech Republic | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 49 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | |||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last year drug use prior to current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 35 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last month drug use prior to current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 25 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use; repeatedly in the last month prior entering the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 18 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting injecting drug use prior to current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 22 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use during any imprisonment "drug use in prison" | any illicit drug | 22 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting ever injecting any drug inside prison | any illicit drug | 8 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 54 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last year drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 23 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting last month drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 9 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting ever injecting any drug (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 31 | First cross-sectional national survey in 35 out of 36 Czech prisons among a random sample of prison inmates (out of 19570 prisoners were randomly selected 2000 respondents of whom 1668 did really answer). Field has been conducted during 13 days in all Czech prisons. (N=1668) (Planned every two years) | ||||||
| 2 | 2002 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 34 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 16213) | |||||||
| 2 | 2001 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 29 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 19320) | |||||||
| 2 | 2000 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 25 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 21538) | |||||||
| 2 | 1999 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 26 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 23060) | |||||||
| 2 | 1998 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 19 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 22067) | |||||||
| 2 | 1997 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 15 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 21560) | |||||||
| 2 | 1996 | registered drug users: persons claiming to be regular drug users, persons with a health record of addiction before prison, persons found positive through drug screening | 12 | national recording system in all prisons (n= 20860) | |||||||
| Denmark | 1 | 2001 | persons reporting drug use at least twice a week during the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 56 | national survey in 82 prisons amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1305) | |||||
| 2 | 2001 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 37 | nationwide survey (n= 3445) | |||||||
| 2 | 2000 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 38 | nationwide survey (n= 3466) | |||||||
| 2 | 1999 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 36 | nationwide survey (n= 3600) | |||||||
| 2 | 1998 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 36 | nationwide survey (n= 3567) | |||||||
| 2 | 1997 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 36 | nationwide survey (n= 3533) | |||||||
| 2 | 1996 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 35 | nationwide survey (n= 3498) | |||||||
| 2 | 1995 | drug abusers: have used euphoriants many times during the last 6 months before prison | 33 | nationwide survey (n= 3574) | |||||||
| 2 | 2000 | heavy drug abusers: have habitually used substances other than cannabis | 20 | nationwide survey (n= 3466) | |||||||
| 2 | 1999 | heavy drug abusers: have habitually used substances other than cannabis | 18 | nationwide survey (n= 3600) | |||||||
| 2 | 1998 | heavy drug abusers: have habitually used substances other than cannabis | 19 | nationwide survey (n= 3567) | |||||||
| 2 | 1997 | heavy drug abusers: have habitually used substances other than cannabis | 19 | nationwide survey (n= 3533) | |||||||
| 2 | 1996 | heavy drug abusers: have habitually used substances other than cannabis | 18 | nationwide survey (n= 3498) | |||||||
| 2 | 1995 | heavy drug abusers: have habitually used substances other than cannabis | 16 | nationwide survey (n= 3574) | |||||||
| France | 1 | 2003/04 | persons classified as problem drug users within the last 12 months, using various standard instruments (e.g. DSM-IV), based on self-reports, open clinical interview | any illicit drug | 28 | national randomized cross-sectional survey in 23 prisons (over 188 existing prisons, state prisons and detention centre were over-represented) among a random sample of all adult prisoners (n= 998) | |||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting (clinical interview) ocasional (once or twice in the year) drug use within the last 6 month prior to current imprisonment | cannabis (males) | 22 | survey among all male admissions in all prisons in Lyons between 01/01/2003 and 31/12/2003 (n= 1410) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting (clinical interview) regular (several times per month without physical or social harm) drug use within the last 6 month prior to current imprisonment | cannabis (males) | 10 | survey among all male admissions in all prisons in Lyons between 01/01/2003 and 31/12/2003 (n= 1410) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting (clinical interview) drug abuse (frequent use with physical or social harm) within the last 6 month prior to current imprisonment | cannabis (males) | 3 | survey among all male admissions in all prisons in Lyons between 01/01/2003 and 31/12/2003 (n= 1410) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons classified as having drug dependence (according DSM IV) within the last 6 month prior to current imprisonment, based on self-reports in a clinical interview and DSM IV for drug dependence | cannabis (males) | 4 | survey among all male admissions in all prisons in Lyons between 01/01/2003 and 31/12/2003 (n= 1410) | ||||||
| 3 | 2003 | persons reporting regular drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 33 | nationwide survey in 134 prisons (over 187 existing prisons) among a representative sample of persons entering prison (on remand and convicted) (n= 6087) | ||||||
| 3 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use | 7 | nationwide survey in 134 prisons (over 187 existing prisons) among a representative sample of persons entering prison (on remand and convicted) (n= 6087) | |||||||
| 3 | 2003 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | 3 | nationwide survey in 134 prisons (over 187 existing prisons) among a representative sample of persons entering prison (on remand and convicted) (n= 6087) | |||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting regular drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 32 | nationwide survey among 86% of persons entering prison, based on self-reports (n= 8728) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use | 12 | nationwide survey among 86% of persons entering prison, based on self-reports (n= 8728) | |||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | 6 | nationwide survey among 86% of persons entering prison, based on self-reports (n= 8728) | |||||||
| 5 | 1998 | persons reporting illicit drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | 43 | survey in 4 prisons (n=1212) | |||||||
| 5 | 1998 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | 12 | survey in 4 prisons (n=1212) | |||||||
| 5 | 1998 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | 9 | survey in 4 prisons (n=1212) | |||||||
| 5 | 1996 | persons reporting lifetime intravenous drug use | 23 | survey in one prison (n=574) | |||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 35 | survey in 3 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=960) | ||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | 14 | survey in 3 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=960) | |||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use within the last year while in prison | cannabis | 24 | survey in 3 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=960) | ||||||
| Germany | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use at prison entry | cannabis | 40 | Baden-Wuerttemberg routine recording system at prison admission of all detainees present on 3/31/2010; provided data refer to the examination at prison entry or before privileges could be granted. Self report about intravenous drug use, medical assessment (test of urine sample) about drug use (N = 29 934). | |||||
| 2 | 2006/07 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 31 | survey in 6 prisons in 3/16 federal states in a quota sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1457) | ||||||
| 2 | 2006/07 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) in prison | any illicit drug | 22 | survey in 6 prisons in 3/16 federal states in a quota sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1457) | ||||||
| 3 | 2002 | persons estimated to be regular drug users by prison staff and medical services | cannabis | 20 | survey in one prison (JVA Oldenburg) amongst all admissions (n=517) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | 33 | survey in one prison among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=437) | |||||||
| 5 | 1996 | drug users in prison (based on information given by key persons) | 60 | survey in one prison based on reports of pre-selected key prisoners (n=16), doctor, pastor(s) | |||||||
| 5 | 1996 | hard drug users (based on information given by key persons) | 10 | survey in one prison based on reports of pre-selected key prisoners (n=16), doctor, pastor(s) | |||||||
| 5 | 1996 | soft drug users (based on information given by key persons) | 50 | survey in one prison based on reports of pre-selected key prisoners (n=16), doctor, pastor(s) | |||||||
| Greece | 1 | 2000 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 48 | survey in 1 prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 136) | |||||
| 1 | 2000 | persons reporting lifetime drug use while in prison | any illicit drug | 46 | survey in 1 prison amongst on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 136) | ||||||
| 2 | 1999 | persons reporting drug use within the last year | cannabis (males) | 74 | survey in one prison amongst on remand and convicted men (n=80) | ||||||
| cocaine (males) | 14 | ||||||||||
| heroin (males) | 41 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (males) | 14 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (males) | 4 | ||||||||||
| 3 | 1998 | adolescents reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (adolescents) | 46 | survey in 2 prisons for adolescents, both on remand and convicted, enrolled in vocational training (n= 100) | ||||||
| cocaine (adolescents) | 18 | ||||||||||
| heroin (adolescents) | 19 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adolescents) | 4 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adolescents) | 7 | ||||||||||
| other drugs (adolescents) | 11 | ||||||||||
| 4 | 1996 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use persons reporting injecting drug use while in prison | 34 | survey in 10 prisons (n= 861) | |||||||
| 5 | 1995 | lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment (based on self-reports and serum tests) | cannabis | 22 | survey in 2 prisons amongst convicted voluntary prisoners (n= 544) | ||||||
| cocaine | 6 | ||||||||||
| heroin | 66 | ||||||||||
| 5 | 1995 | injecting drug use prior to imprisonment (based on self-reports and serum tests) | 69 | survey in 2 prisons amongst convicted voluntary prisoners (n= 544) | |||||||
| 5 | 1995 | lifetime drug use in prison (based on self-reports and serum tests) | any illicit drugs | 54 | survey in 2 prisons amongst convicted voluntary prisoners (n= 544) | ||||||
| 5 | 1995 | injecting drug use in prison (based on self-reports and serum tests) injecting drug users | 28 | survey in 2 prisons amongst convicted voluntary prisoners (n= 544) | |||||||
| 31 | survey in one prison (n=1183) | ||||||||||
| Hungary | 1 | 2009 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 58 | cross-sectional survey in 1 prison in Budapest amongst a simple random sample of adult convicted males; population 1 400 (n= 194) | |||||
| 1 | 2009 | persons reporting ever using drugs weekly or more often (regular use) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 35 | cross-sectional survey in 1 prison in Budapest amongst a simple random sample of adult convicted males; population 1 400 (n= 194) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 44 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 34 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 26 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting regular drug use (ever using drugs weekly o more often) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 18 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 10 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 14 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | any illicit drug | 8 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 3 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 0.7 | national cross-sectional survey in 22 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult both males and females convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 503) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 32 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 23 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 15 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting regular drug use (at least once a week) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 12 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 7 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 8 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 5 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 3 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting injecting drug use in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 1 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (both prior to and in prison) | any illicit drug (adult males) | 34 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 3 | 2004 | persons reporting injecting drug use (both prior to and in prison) | any illicit drug (adult males) | 8 | national survey in 11 prisons amongst a proportional random sample of adult male convicted prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 609) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 22 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | cannabis (adult males) | 8 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | cannabis (adult males) | 6 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting regular drug use (at least once a week) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 8 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 1 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use at any time during imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 8 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use while in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 0.2 | national survey in a sample of all prisons amongst adult male prisoners of Hungarian citizenship (n= 951) | ||||||
| Ireland | 1 | 2000 | persons reporting drug use within the last year | cannabis (males) | 88 | national survey in 13 of the 15 prisons amongst on remand and convicted prisoners: in a sample of men (n= 718) and in all women (n= 59) | |||||
| 1 | 2000 | persons reporting cannabis use within the last month | cannabis (males) | 65 | national survey in 13 of the 15 prisons amongst on remand and convicted prisoners: in a sample of men (n= 391) and in all women (n= 33) | ||||||
| 1 | 2000 | persons reporting injecting drug use in the last 12 months prior to the survey | any illicit drug (males) | 25 | national survey in 13 of the 15 prisons amongst on remand and convicted prisoners: in a sample of men (n= 532) and in all women (n= 38) | ||||||
| 2 | 1999 | persons reporting injecting drug use (injector status known) | any illicit drug | 29 | survey in 5 of the 7 Irish committal prisons (n= 593) | ||||||
| 3 | 1998 | persons reporting injecting drug use (injector status known) | any illicit drug | 43 | survey in 9 prisons: all the 5 high risk prisons and a random sample of the medium risk prisons (n= 1205) of whom 57 women | ||||||
| 4 | 1997 | regular heroin users | heroin | 35 | estimated in one prison | 0.364 | |||||
| 4 | 1997 | persons with a history of heroin abuse | heroin | 70 | estimated in one prison | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | men reporting lifetime drug use | any illicit drug (males) | 86 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | men reporting ever engaged in injecting drug use | (males) | 56 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | regular users (men) of cannabis | cannabis (males) | 46 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | daily users (men) of cannabis | cannabis (males) | 23 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | men reporting heroin use while in prison (current sentence) | heroin (males) | 42 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | men reporting regular (once a week) heroin use while in prison (current sentence) | heroin (males) | 36 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| 5 | 1996 | men reporting injecting heroin use while in prison (current sentence) | heroin (males) | 34 | survey in one male prison (one-fifth systematic sample) (n=108) | ||||||
| Italy | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use in the last month prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 28 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners (adult males and females) entering prison in 2010 (n= 84641) | |||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use in prison (DUs) (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 24 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners (adult males and females) in prison at 30/06/2010 and 31/12/2010 (n= 68258) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting drug use in the last month prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 29 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners (adult males and females) entering prison in 2009 (n= 88066) | ||||||
| 3 | 2009 | persons reporting regular drug use in prison (DUs) (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 25 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners (adult males and females) in prison at 30/06/2009 (n= 63630) | ||||||
| 4 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 33 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 92800) | ||||||
| 5 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 27 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 90441) | ||||||
| 6 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 27 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 90714) | ||||||
| 7 | 2005 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 28 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 89887) | ||||||
| 7 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 30 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 82289) | ||||||
| 8 | 2003 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 29 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 81793) | ||||||
| 9 | 2002 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 30 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 81185) | ||||||
| 10 | 2001 | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 29 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners imprisoned during the year (n= 81078) | ||||||
| 11 | 2002 (Dec.) | persons reporting drug use or known drug users prior to imprisonment (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 28 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners at 31/12/2002 (n= 55670) | ||||||
| 12 | 2001 (Dec.) | prisoners identified as drug dependent (regular drug use prior to imprisonment) (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 28 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners at 31/12/2001 (n= 55275) | ||||||
| 13 | 2000 (Dec.) | prisoners identified as drug dependent (regular drug use prior to imprisonment) (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 27 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners at 31/12/2000 (n= 53030) | ||||||
| 14 | 1999 (Dec.) | prisoners identified as drug dependent (regular drug use prior to imprisonment) (based on self-report and/or clinical assessment) | any illicit drug | 29 | nationwide routine data from drug-screening by prison authorities at prison admission among all prisoners at 31/12/1999 (n= 51604) | ||||||
| 15 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment (based on self-report) | any illicit drug | 56 | survey among new admissions in 9 prisons of 8 cities spread across national territory (n= 1267) | ||||||
| 15 | 2003 | persons reporting last month drug use prior to imprisonment (based on self-report) | cannabis | 21 | survey among new admissions in 9 prisons of 8 cities spread across national territory (n= 1267) | ||||||
| 16 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting a history of injecting drug use | any illicit drug | 30 | cross-sectional survey in a convenience sample of males and females in 8 prisons in different areas of Italy (n= 973) | ||||||
| 17 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | 30 | survey in 3 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=678) | |||||||
| Latvia | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 66 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | |||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 49 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 39 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use (daily/almost daily and 4-6 times a week) within the last month prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 7 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | cocaine | 7 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 32 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | any illicit drug | 18 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 9 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use (daily/almost daily and 4-6 times a week) within the last month in prison | cannabis | 2 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison | cocaine | 1 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use both prior/inside prison | any illicit drug | 68 | Repeated cross-sectional national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons, convicted persons (n= 1965) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 53 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 31 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 20 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | 20 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | |||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | cannabis | 28 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | cannabis | 15 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | cannabis | 6 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison | 10 | national survey in 11 (out of 15) prisons with at least 100 convicted persons (n= 2867) | |||||||
| Lithuania | 1 | 2004 | persons reporting to be drug users | any illicit drug | 16 | national routine data in all 14 prisons among all prisoners at 31/12/2004 (n= 8.125) | |||||
| 1 | 2003 | persons reporting to be drug users | any illicit drug | 14 | national routine data in all 14 prisons among all prisoners at 31/12/2003 (n= 8063) | ||||||
| 2 | 2003 | persons reporting lifetime use of a narcotic drug | any illicit drug | 49 | survey in all penal institutions among those who returned the questionnaire including men (1122), women (67) and minor boys (115) (n= 1304) | ||||||
| Luxembourg | 1 | 2005 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 56 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 246) | |||||
| 1 | 2005 | Lifetime intravenous drug users within prison (based on self-reports) | any illicit drug | 31 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 246) | ||||||
| 2 | 1998 | regular intravenous drug users prior and within prison (based on self-reports and cross-checking in personal files) | 41 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 362) | |||||||
| 2 | 1998 | regular intravenous drug use prior to imprisonment (based on self-reports and cross-checking in personal files) | 32 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 362) | |||||||
| 2 | 1998 | regular intravenous drug use in prison (based on self-reports and cross-checking in personal files) | 28 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 362) | |||||||
| 2 | 1998 | first intravenous drug use in prison (based on self-reports and cross-checking in personal files) | 9 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in 2 state prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (n= 362) | |||||||
| Malta | 1 | 2010 | recent drug use (The data are collected from the routine administration of toxicology samples upon admission, as well as from the administration of the correctional care plans, based on positive urine tests at admission) | cannabis | 17 | national screening of the total population entering prison Corradino Correctional Facility (CCF) (both on remand and convicted) (n= 731) | |||||
| 2 | 2009 | recent drug use (The data are collected from the routine administration of toxicology samples upon admission, as well as from the administration of the correctional care plans, based on positive urine tests at admission) | any illicit drug | 37 | national screening of the total population entering prison Corradino Correctional Facility (CCF) (both on remand and convicted) (n= 544) | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | recent drug use (based on positive urine tests at admission) | cannabis | 15 | national screening of the total population entering prison CCF (both on remand and convicted) (n= 535) | ||||||
| 4 | 2005 | recent drug use (based on positive urine tests at admission) | cannabis | 17 | national screening of the total population entering prison CCF (both on remand and convicted) (n= 411) | ||||||
| 5 | 2004 | recent drug use (based on positive tests at admission) | any illicit drug | 48 | national screening of the total population entering prison CCF (both on remand and convicted) (n= 396) | ||||||
| Netherlands | 1 | 2008 | persons classified as lifetime problematic drug users prior to imprisonment. Analysis of files information | any illicit drug | 83 | cross-sectional study of files in 5 out of 8 institution for prolific offenders representative of all institutions, random sampling (n= 100, women over represented) | |||||
| 2 | 2008 | persons classified as having drug addiction with in the last year prior to imprisonment, using the Mini international neuropsychiatric interview to assess drug addiction in the year prior to imprisonment, based on self-report | any illicit drug (males) | 30 | cross-sectional study in one local penitentiary institution ("Vught") on-remand and convicted male prisoners. Random selection of prisoners in the first phase after entry (n= 191) | ||||||
| 3 | 2007 | persons classified as problem drug users prior to imprisonment, using various standard instruments (e.g. EuropASI), based on self-reports | any illicit drug | 57 | survey in 8 prisons among on-remand prisoners (n= 637) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (males) | 79 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting light problems with drugs | any illicit drug (males) | 13 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting moderate problems with drugs | any illicit drug (males) | 12 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting severe problems with drugs | any illicit drug (males) | 22 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting very severe problems with drugs | any illicit drug (males) | 18 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting monthly drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (males) | 2 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting weekly drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (males) | 12 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 4 | 2003 | men reporting daily drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (males) | 33 | survey in 8 prisons among convicted and on remand male detainees (n= 355) | ||||||
| 5 | 2002-2003 | youth reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (youth) | 78 | cross-sectional survey in 8 youth detention centres in 3 regions among a representative sample (n= 205) (random sample of 135 boys and oversample of 70 girls) of 14-17 year-olds on remand and convicted | ||||||
| 5 | 2002-2003 | youth reporting drug use in the last month prior to imprisonment | cannabis (youth) | 58 | cross-sectional survey in 8 youth detention centres in 3 regions among a representative sample (n= 205) (random sample of 135 boys and oversample of 70 girls) of 14-17 year-olds on remand and convicted | ||||||
| 6 | 1999 | detainees in care reported by the psychologist or the psycho-medical unit as having addiction problems | any illicit drug | 36 | national cross-sectional study in a representative sample of penitentiary facilities (18 covered) among detainees known by the psychologist or the psycho-medical unit of the facility (n= 554) | ||||||
| 7 | 1999 | young males reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (young males) | 86 | cross-sectional survey in 6 out of 9 youth detention centres among a sample (assumed to be representative) of incarcerated boys (12-18 year-olds) (n= 204) | ||||||
| 7 | 1999 | young males reporting substance use disorders in the 6 months prior to imprisonment | cannabis (young males) | 44 | cross-sectional survey in 6 out of 9 youth detention centres among a sample (assumed to be representative) of incarcerated boys (12-18 year-olds) (n= 204) | ||||||
| 8 | 1998-2001 | forensic psychiatric patients reporting and/or being assessed as having had lifetime psychoactive substance abuse/dependence disorders | any illicit drug | 47 | local study in one forensic psychiatric facility among forensic psychiatric patients sentenced by the court to involuntary commitment because of diminished responsibility for the crimes they committed (n= 98), enrolled between 01/01/1998 and 01/12/2001 | ||||||
| 9 | 1995 to 2000 | persons with substance use problems during the criminal offence (tested for DSM-IV and ICD-9 diagnosis and self-reports) | cannabis | 31 | cross-sectional and at admission survey in 13 facilities among detainees convicted to compulsory treatment (whether not legally accountable or after expiration of prison sentence; all cases present at 1/11/95 and all those who entered prison until 1/1/2000) (n= 1105) | ||||||
| 10 | 1997 | persons judged by a clinical psychologist to have addiction problems with drugs | 29 | survey in one prison among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=528) | |||||||
| 10 | 1997 | persons reporting drug abuse or drug dependence within the last month | 14 | survey in one prison among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=135) | |||||||
| 11 | 1997 | persons judged to be drug addicts according to 2 criteria (at least 2 months of regular use within the past 2 years and a severity score over 3 on the EuropASI drug section) | 44 | survey in one prison (n=319) | |||||||
| 12 | 1989-1990 | young male offenders reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment (DSM-III) | any illicit drug (young males) | 58 | survey among young male convicted detainees in one youth detention centre, aged 18-24 years (n= 200) | ||||||
| 12 | 1989-1990 | young male offenders reporting last year drug use prior to imprisonment (DSM-III) | any illicit drug (young males) | 49 | survey among young male convicted detainees in one youth detention centre, aged 18-24 years (n= 200) | ||||||
| 12 | 1989-1990 | young male offenders reporting last month drug use prior to imprisonment (DSM-III) | any illicit drug (young males) | 20 | survey among young male convicted detainees in one youth detention centre, aged 18-24 years (n= 200) | ||||||
| Austria | 1 | 1999 | injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | (male adults) | 26 | national survey in a selection of representative prisons: 4 for male adults (n= 143), 2 for female adults (n= 69) and 5 for male youth (n=51); convicted and on remand | |||||
| 1 | 1999 | injecting drug use within prison | (male adults) | 15 | national survey in a selection of representative prisons: 4 for male adults (n= 143), 2 for female adults (n= 69) and 5 for male youth (n=51); convicted and on remand | ||||||
| 2 | 1996 | intravenous drug users | 15 | estimated by experts | |||||||
| 3 | 1994 | persons reporting having used illicit drugs | 72 | survey in one prison amongst Narcotic Drug Act convicted persons (n=307) | |||||||
| Romania | 1 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 16 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | |||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 10 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 7 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 2 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | any illicit drug | 2 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 0.9 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior/in prison | any illicit drug | 6 | survey in 27 prisons among prisoners (n=3218) | ||||||
| Poland | 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 49 | nationwide survey (41 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1240) | |||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 22 | nationwide survey (41 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1240) | ||||||
| cocaine (adult males) | 4 | ||||||||||
| heroin (adult males) | 2 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adult males) | 15 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adult males) | 10 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 9 | nationwide survey (41 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1240) | ||||||
| cocaine (adult males) | 2 | ||||||||||
| heroin (adult males) | 1 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adult males) | 5 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adult males) | 2 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 20 | nationwide survey (41 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1240) | ||||||
| cocaine (adult males) | 3 | ||||||||||
| heroin (adult males) | 2 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adult males) | 15 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adult males) | 7 | ||||||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis (adult males) | 39 | nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1189) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 20 | nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1189) | ||||||
| cocaine (adult males) | 5 | ||||||||||
| heroin (adult males) | 4 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adult males) | 15 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adult males) | 7 | ||||||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | cannabis (adult males) | 9 | nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1189) | ||||||
| heroin (adult males) | 2 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adult males) | 6 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adult males) | 3 | ||||||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (adult males) | 6 | nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1189) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 23 | nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1189) | ||||||
| cocaine (adult males) | 5 | ||||||||||
| heroin (adult males) | 3 | ||||||||||
| amphetamines (adult males) | 15 | ||||||||||
| ecstasy (adult males) | 5 | ||||||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison | any illicit drug (adult males) | 3 | nationwide survey (38 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted adult male prisoners (n= 1189) | ||||||
| Portugal | 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 55 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | |||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 50 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 37 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting regular (everyday) drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 40 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | cocaine | 12 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 36 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | any illicit drug | 41 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 27 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting regular (everyday) drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 12 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison | cocaine | 2 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 59 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use (prior/within prison) | any illicit drug | 21 | nationwide survey (44 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1986) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 61 | nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting drug use within the last year in prison | any illicit drug | 52 | nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 30 | nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting regular (everyday) drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug | 10 | nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 27 | nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 11 | nationwide survey (47 prisons) in a random sample of on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 2057) | ||||||
| 3 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | 52 | survey in 3 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n=535) | |||||||
| Slovakia | 1 | 2004 | persons reporting drug abuse | any illicit drug | 8 | national survey in 18 prisons among all persons at admission into prison, both on remand and convicted (n= 8056) | |||||
| Slovenia | 1 | 2008 | Persons classified as people with problems relatd to the use of illicit drugs | any illicit drug | 28 | routine monitoring in all prisons (6) and correctional centre amongst on remand, convicted detention prisoners (juvenile included) (n= 4383) admitted into prison during the year Expert estimations | |||||
| 2 | 2007 | Persons classified as people with problems relatd to the use of illicit drugs | any illicit drug | 25 | routine monitoring in all prisons (6) and correctional centre amongst on remand, convicted detention prisoners (juvenile included) (n= 4311) admitted into prison during the year Expert estimations | ||||||
| 3 | 2006 | Persons classified as people with problems relatd to the use of illicit drugs | any illicit drug | 27 | routine monitoring in all prisons (6) and correctional centre amongst on remand, convicted detention prisoners (juvenile included) (n= 3572) admitted into prison during the year Expert estimations | ||||||
| 4 | 2005 | Persons classified as people with problems relatd to the use of illicit drugs | any illicit drug | 28 | routine monitoring in all prisons (6) and correctional centre amongst on remand, convicted detention prisoners (juvenile included) (n= 3097) admitted into prison during the year Expert estimations | ||||||
| 5 | 2004 | Persons classified as people with problems relatd to the use of illicit drugs | any illicit drug | 22 | routine monitoring in all prisons (6) and correctional centre amongst on remand, convicted detention prisoners (juvenile included) (n= 4344) admitted into prison during the year Expert estimations | ||||||
| 6 | 2003 | persons having problems with drugs (based on self-reports, clinical assessment, urine testing) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 13 | nationwide survey in all prisons (6 prisons and 1 juvenile correctional centre) amongst on remand, convicted, juvenile detention prisoners (n= 3626) admitted into prison during the year | ||||||
| 6 | 2003 | persons having problems with drugs (based on self-reports, clinical assessment, urine testing) prior/in prison | any illicit drug | 24 | nationwide survey in all prisons (6 prisons and 1 juvenile correctional centre) amongst on remand, convicted, juvenile detention prisoners (n= 1099) in prison on 1 January | ||||||
| Finland | 1 | 2006 | persons once in lifetime diagnosed as addicted to the substance after medical examination | cannabis | 19 | national survey among a random sample of prisoners with the follow characteristics: Male prisoners, a fixed-term unconditional imprisonment, min 8 months (N = 309), female prisoners, all types of prison sentences (N=101), males, fine default prisoners (N= 100); males, prison for life (N= 100); and males, community service (N=101). Interviews were carried out in several sessions and conducted a comprehensive health inspection by an medical doctor. | |||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting having used drugs | any illicit drug | 58 | national survey among a sample of voluntary HIV tested convicted prisoners (n= 825) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting illicit drug use while in prison | 17 | national survey among a sample of voluntary HIV tested convicted prisoners (n= 825) | |||||||
| 3 | 1995 | persons reporting lifetime drug use | any illicit drug | 70 | national survey in 4 prisons among a sample of voluntary convicted prisoners (n= 354) | ||||||
| 3 | 1995 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use | any illicit drug | 19 | national survey in 4 prisons among a sample of voluntary convicted prisoners (n= 354) | ||||||
| 3 | 1995 | persons reportingdrug use within the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 28 | national survey in 4 prisons among a sample of voluntary convicted prisoners (n= 354) | ||||||
| 3 | 1995 | persons reporting regular drug use within the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 6 | national survey in 4 prisons among a sample of voluntary convicted prisoners (n= 354) | ||||||
| 3 | 1995 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 11 | national survey in 4 prisons among a sample of voluntary convicted prisoners (n= 354) | ||||||
| Spain | 1 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 65 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | |||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting last year drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 47 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting last month drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 43 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting last month drug use in prison | cannabis | 28 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting injecting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 26 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last 30 days prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 12 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last 30 days inside prison | any illicit drug | 3 | nationwide survey in 66 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 4934) (women overrepresented) | ||||||
| 2 | 2001 | persons reporting injecting drug use either currently in prison or prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 34 | cross-sectional survey in one prison (Alicante I-Fontcalent) among all on remand prisoner in prison at 01/06/2001 (n=800) | ||||||
| 3 | 2000 | persons reporting last month drug use prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 43 | nationwide (Catalonia excepted) survey in 61 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 5028) | ||||||
| 4 | 1998 | persons reporting last month drug use prior to imprisonment | cocaine | 31 | nationwide (Catalonia excepted) survey in 72 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 2223) | ||||||
| 4 | 1998 | persons reporting last month intravenous drug use prior to imprisonment | cocaine | 10 | nationwide (Catalonia excepted) survey in 72 prisons in a random sample of prisoners (n= 2223) | ||||||
| 5 | 1998 | women reporting lifetime drug use (alcohol included) | any illicit drug - alcohol included (females) | 70 | survey in 18 prisons (n= 356) | ||||||
| 6 | 1998 | women reporting having used drugs several times a day (alcohol included) | any illicit drug - alcohol included (females) | 35 | survey in 18 prisons (n= 356) | ||||||
| 7 | 1998 | persons reporting to be drug users | 56 | survey in 62 prisons (n= 1011) | |||||||
| 8 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | 47 | survey in one prison among on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 101) | |||||||
| 9 | 1994 | persons whose frequency of heroin and/or cocaine use in the past 2 years is at least once a week for a minimum of one month | 54 | nationwide survey in 25% of all prisons among persons entering prison (n= 1541) | |||||||
| Sweden | 1 | 2008 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 54 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4666) | |||||
| 1 | 2008 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 55 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3907) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 56 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4227) | ||||||
| 1 | 2007 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 59 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4384) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 55 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4320) | ||||||
| 1 | 2006 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 57 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4392) | ||||||
| 1 | 2005 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 55 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4491) | ||||||
| 1 | 2005 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 55 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4484) | ||||||
| 1 | 2004 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 57 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4256) | ||||||
| 1 | 2004 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 58 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4019) | ||||||
| 1 | 2003 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 54 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4298) | ||||||
| 1 | 2003 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 54 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3941) | ||||||
| 1 | 2002 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 52 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4188) | ||||||
| 1 | 2002 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 51 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3967) | ||||||
| 1 | 2001 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 49 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3708) | ||||||
| 1 | 2001 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 52 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3744) | ||||||
| 1 | 2000 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 50 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3633) | ||||||
| 1 | 2000 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 51 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3352) | ||||||
| 1 | 1999 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 47 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3536) | ||||||
| 1 | 1999 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 47 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3537) | ||||||
| 1 | 1998 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 46 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3546) | ||||||
| 1 | 1998 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 50 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3680) | ||||||
| 1 | 1997 (Oct.) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 45 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3683) | ||||||
| 1 | 1997 (April) | persons having used drugs within last 12 months before prison, either sometime or daily/almost daily or intravenously within these 12 months | any illicit drug | 44 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 3616) | ||||||
| 1 | 1996 | persons having used drugs intravenously or on a daily (or almost daily) basis within last 2 months before prison | any illicit drug | 40 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4367) | ||||||
| 1 | 1995 | persons having used drugs intravenously or on a daily (or almost daily) basis within last 2 months before prison | any illicit drug | 40 | nationwide survey on routine data from all convicted prisoners at admission (n= 4408) | ||||||
| 2 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use (lifetime) prior to imprisonment | 65 | survey in 9 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 305) | |||||||
| United Kingdom England | 1 | 2004-2005 | women reporting drug use in the 6 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (females) | 75 | survey in 2 remand prisons for women among all new receptions during certain pre-defined periods (n= 505) | |||||
| 1 | 2004-2005 | women reporting daily drug use in the 6 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (females) | 58 | survey in 2 remand prisons for women among all new receptions during certain pre-defined periods (n= 505) | ||||||
| 1 | 2004-2005 | women reporting lifetime injecting drug use | any illicit drug (females) | 38 | survey in 2 remand prisons for women among all new receptions during certain pre-defined periods (n= 505) | ||||||
| 1 | 2004-2005 | women reporting injecting drug use in the month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (females) | 21 | survey in 2 remand prisons for women among all new receptions during certain pre-defined periods (n= 505) | ||||||
| 1 | 2004-2005 | women reporting injecting drug use in prison | any illicit drug (females) | 7 | survey in 2 remand prisons for women among all new receptions during certain pre-defined periods (n= 505) | ||||||
| England and Wales | 2 | 2005-2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use | any of heroin, crack, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis | 79 | survey in 49 prisons holding newly sentenced receptions among all adults sentenced between 1 month and 4 years (n= 1457) | |||||
| 2 | 2005-2006 | persons reporting last year drug use prior to imprisonment | any of heroin, crack, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis | 69 | survey in 49 prisons holding newly sentenced receptions among all adults sentenced between 1 month and 4 years (n= 1457) | ||||||
| 2 | 2005-2006 | persons reporting last month (4 weeks) drug use prior to imprisonment | any of heroin, crack, cocaine, amphetamines, cannabis | 62 | survey in 49 prisons holding newly sentenced receptions among all adults sentenced between 1 month and 4 years (n= 1457) | ||||||
| 3 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting drug use in the year prior to the current prison | any illicit drug | 70 | survey in 31 prisons in a representative sample of male and female remanded and sentenced prisoners (n= 2266) | ||||||
| 3 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting drug use in the month prior to the current prison | any illicit drug | 66 | survey in 31 prisons in a representative sample of male and female remanded and sentenced prisoners (n= 2266) | ||||||
| 3 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting drug use in the current prison | any illicit drug | 39 | survey in 31 prisons in a representative sample of male and female remanded and sentenced prisoners (n= 2266) | ||||||
| 3 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting drug use during the past month in the current prison | any illicit drug | 25 | survey in 31 prisons in a representative sample of male and female remanded and sentenced prisoners (n= 2266) | ||||||
| 3 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting drug use during the past week in the current prison | any illicit drug | 16 | survey in 31 prisons in a representative sample of male and female remanded and sentenced prisoners (n= 2266) | ||||||
| 3 | 2001-2002 | persons reporting injecting drug use in the current prison | any illicit drug | 1 | survey in 31 prisons in a representative sample of male and female remanded and sentenced prisoners (n= 2266) | ||||||
| 4 | 2000 | persons reporting drug use in the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (males) | 73 | survey in 34 medium and large prisons nationally spread in a random sample of recently arrived sentenced male prisoners (n= 1884) | ||||||
| 4 | 2000 | persons reporting drug use in the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (males) | 63 | survey in 34 medium and large prisons nationally spread in a random sample of recently arrived sentenced male prisoners (n= 1884) | ||||||
| 4 | 2000 | persons reporting daily or nearly every day drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (males) | 54 | survey in 34 medium and large prisons nationally spread in a random sample of recently arrived sentenced male prisoners (n= 1884) | ||||||
| 4 | 2000 | persons reporting regular drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (males) | 23 | survey in 34 medium and large prisons nationally spread in a random sample of recently arrived sentenced male prisoners (n= 1884) | ||||||
| 4 | 2000 | persons reporting injecting drug use in the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (males) | 23 | survey in 34 medium and large prisons nationally spread in a random sample of recently arrived sentenced male prisoners (n= 1884) | ||||||
| 5 | 1997-1998 | persons reporting having ever injected drugs (inside or outside prison) | (adult males) | 24 | survey in 8 prisons: 6 adult male prisons (n= 2769), 1 female prison (n= 407) and 1 male young (under 21 years) offenders prison (n= 714) | ||||||
| 5 | 1997-1998 | persons reporting having ever injected drugs inside prison | (adult males) | 7 | survey in 8 prisons: 6 adult male prisons (n= 2746), 1 female prison (n= 400) and 1 male young (under 21 years) offenders prison (n= 714) | ||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drugs | (4) | 69-85 | nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n=3142) | |||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | cannabis | (4) | 42-63 | nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n=3142) | |||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting drug use during the last time in prison | cannabis | (4) | 19-46 | nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n=3142) | |||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons diagnosed with severe drug dependence within the last year prior to imprisonment | (4) | 32-40 | nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n=3142) | ||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting having ever injected drugs | (4) | 23-40 | nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n=3142) | ||||||
| 6 | 1997 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | (4) | 13-28 | nationwide survey in all 131 prisons (n=3142) | ||||||
| 7 | 1996 | men entering prison reporting a history of injecting drug use | males | 29 | survey in one prison | ||||||
| 8 | 1995 | men entering prison reporting a history of injecting drug use | males | 15 | survey in 3 prisons | ||||||
| 9 | 1994 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | 68 | nationwide survey (n=1000) | |||||||
| Scotland | 10 | 2009 | persons reporting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment: Did you use illegal drugs in the 12 months before coming into prison? | any illicit drug | 67 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners ( remand and convicted, young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4431) | |||||
| 10 | 2009 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison: Have you ever used illegal drugs in prison? | any illicit drug | 45 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners ( remand and convicted, young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4431) | ||||||
| 10 | 2009 | persons reporting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment: Have you used illegal drugs in the last month while in this prison? | any illicit drug | 22 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners ( remand and convicted, young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4431) | ||||||
| 10 | 2009 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use while in prison: Have you ever injected drugs in prison? | any illicit drug | 8 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners ( remand and convicted, young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4431) | ||||||
| 10 | 2009 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment: Have you injected drugs in prison in the last month? | any illicit drug | 3 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners ( remand and convicted, young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4431) | ||||||
| 11 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 69 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4318) | ||||||
| 11 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 48 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4318) | ||||||
| 11 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 26 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4318) | ||||||
| 11 | 2008 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 3 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4318) | ||||||
| 12 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 69 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4692) | ||||||
| 12 | 2007 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 51 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4692) | ||||||
| 12 | 2007 | persons reporting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 30 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4692) | ||||||
| 12 | 2007 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 2 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-79 years) (n= 4692) | ||||||
| 13 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 67 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-88 years) (n= 4778) | ||||||
| 13 | 2006 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 50 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-88 years) (n= 4778) | ||||||
| 13 | 2006 | persons reporting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 29 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-88 years) (n= 4778) | ||||||
| 13 | 2006 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 3 | nationwide cross-sectional survey in all Scottish prisons amongst the total population of prisoners (young offenders and adults, age range 16-88 years) (n= 4778) | ||||||
| 14 | 2005 | persons reporting drug use within the last 12 months prior to imprisonment | cannabis | 82 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4831) | ||||||
| 14 | 2005 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 50 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4831) | ||||||
| 14 | 2005 | Persons reporting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 34 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4831) | ||||||
| 14 | 2005 | persons reporting injecting drug use within the last month during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 3 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4831) | ||||||
| 15 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 51 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4793) | ||||||
| 15 | 2004 | persons reporting lifetime drug use in prison | any illicit drug | 55 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4793) | ||||||
| 15 | 2004 | persons reporting drug use during the current term of imprisonment | any illicit drug | 35 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4793) | ||||||
| 15 | 2004 | persons reporting injecting drug use during the current term of imprisonment | any illicit drug | 5 | nationwide survey among all prisoners (n= 4793) | ||||||
| 16 | 2003 | persons reporting drug use during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 32 | national survey in 16 prisons among all prisoners available at the time of the survey (n= 4741) | ||||||
| 16 | 2003 | persons reporting having ever injected drugs during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 11 | national survey in 16 prisons among all prisoners available at the time of the survey (n= 4741) | ||||||
| 17 | 1991-1996 | men reporting a history of injection drug use | (males) | 32 | survey in 6 male prisons (n=2286) | ||||||
| 17 | 1991-1996 | women reporting a history of injection drug use | (females) | 46 | survey in one female prison (n=132) | ||||||
| 17 | 1991-1996 | young offenders reporting a history of injection drug use | (young offenders) | 18 | survey in 2 young offenders institutions (n=562) | ||||||
| 17 | 1991-1996 | men reporting having ever injected in prison | (males) | 18 | survey in 6 male prisons (n=2286) | ||||||
| 17 | 1991-1996 | women reporting having ever injected in prison | (females) | 26 | survey in one female prison (n=132) | ||||||
| 17 | 1991-1996 | young offenders reporting having ever injected in prison | (young offenders) | 5 | survey in 2 young offenders institutions (n=562) | ||||||
| Northern Ireland | 18 | 2005 | female young offenders reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (young offenders, females) | 40 | Cross-sectional survey in Hydebank Wood Centre among on remand (30%) and convicted prisoners (70%) (n= 20) | |||||
| 18 | 2005 | female young offenders reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug (young offenders, females) | 10 | Cross-sectional survey in Hydebank Wood Centre among on remand (30%) and convicted prisoners (70%) (n= 20) | ||||||
| 19 | 2005 | male young offenders reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug (young offenders, males) | 77 | Cross-sectional survey in Hydebank Wood Centre among on remand (49%) and convicted prisoners (51%) (n= 180) | ||||||
| 19 | 2005 | male young offenders reporting drug use within the last month in prison | any illicit drug (young offenders, males) | 40 | Cross-sectional survey in Hydebank Wood Centre among on remand (49%) and convicted prisoners (51%) (n= 180) | ||||||
| Croatia | 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | : | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming (all admissions at entry) , who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 2181) | |||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | : | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming (all admissions at entry) , who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 2181) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | : | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming (all admissions at entry) , who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 2181) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting regular drug use (at least once per week or more) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | : | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming (all admissions at entry) , who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 2181) | ||||||
| 1 | 2010 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | cocaine | 0.6 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming (all admissions at entry) , who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 2181) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 26 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1916) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 12 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1916) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 6 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1916) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting regular drug use (at least once per week or more) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 8 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1916) | ||||||
| 2 | 2009 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 5 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1916) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 24 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1791) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last year prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 16 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1791) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting drug use within the last month prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 9 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1791) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting regular drug use (at least once per week or more) prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 14 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1791) | ||||||
| 3 | 2008 | persons reporting lifetime injecting drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 7 | survey among attendees to the depapartment for diagnostics and programming, who had been convicted and still have more than six months of servitude, regardless on his/hers gender and age (n= 1791) | ||||||
| Norway | 1 | 2003 | persons reporting cannabis use in the month prior to imprisonment, but not amphetamine/stimulants or opioid use | cannabis (adult males) | 8 | nationwide survey in a representative random sample of male and female sentenced adult inmates (n= 260), although only results on males are provided (n= 225) | |||||
| persons reporting opioid use in the month prior to imprisonment, irrespective of other substance use | opioids (adult males) | 20 | nationwide survey in a representative random sample of male and female sentenced adult inmates (n= 260), although only results on males are provided (n= 225) | ||||||||
| persons reporting amphetamine or other stimulants use in the month prior to imprisonment, but not opioid use | amphetamine and other stimulants (adult males) | 29 | nationwide survey in a representative random sample of male and female sentenced adult inmates (n= 260), although only results on males are provided (n= 225) | ||||||||
| 2 | 2002 | persons reporting lifetime drug use prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 70 | national survey in all 52 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1074) | ||||||
| 2 | 2002 | persons reporting drug use within the last 6 months prior to imprisonment | any illicit drug | 62 | national survey in all 52 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1035) | ||||||
| 2 | 2002 | persons reporting drug use during the current imprisonment | any illicit drug | 26-38 | national survey in all 52 prisons among on remand and convicted prisoners (n= 1074) | ||||||
| 3 | 2000 | subtantial drug users: persons reporting the use of more than one drug in the last month prior to imprisonment and terming themselves as regular users or large-consumers | 55 | survey in all prisons of the eastern prison district among all inmates sentenced to a maximum of 3 years and who had grown up in Norway (n= 247) | |||||||
| 3 | 2000 | intravenous substantial drug users:persons reporting the intravenous use of more than one drug in the last month prior to imprisonment and terming themselves as regular users or large-consumers | 38 | survey in all prisons of the eastern prison district among all inmates sentenced to a maximum of 3 years and who had grown up in Norway (n= 247) | |||||||
| 4 | 1997-1996 | inmates who used drugs once or several times while serving their sentence | 40-60 | estimated by prison authorities on the basis of previous studies in prison and reports submitted by prison and visitation officials |
Notes:
(2) Caution should be applied when considering that a survey is said to be 'national' as this refers to its intended geographical coverage, but does not mean it is necessarily representative of the national situation, which would depend on any sampling procedures adopted. Note that the size of the prison population surveyed is not available for most of the studies displayed in this table, and sample sizes reflect different proportions of the population in different countries.
(3) Bulgaria: due the fear of sanction it is likely that drug use is under-reported.
(4) England & Wales: results are provided for 4 different sub-groups of population: male remanded, male sentenced, female remanded, female sentenced. Women and men on remand represent a small proportion of the prison population, and thus these groups were over-sampled. Ranges reported here represent the minimum and maximum values obtained for each of the 4 sub-groups.
Sources:
(1) For access to sources and bibliographic references, please refer to Table DUP-0