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Table HSR-6. Hepatitis responses in Europe
Part (i). Hepatitis B immunization in EU27, Croatia, Turkey and Norway
| Country | Universal hepatitis B immunization programme: availability | Universal hepatitis B immunization programme: starting year | National coverage rates HepB3 (2010) as reported to WHO - UNICEF | Hepatitis B vaccination programme specific for high risk groups : availability | Hepatitis B vaccination programme in prison: availability | Hepatitis B immunization programme in prison: starting year | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (Flemish community) | Yes | 1999 | 97 | No | Yes | 2000 | |||||||
| Belgium (French community) | Yes | 1999 | 97 | No | (1) | No | (13) | ||||||
| Bulgaria | Yes | 1993 | 95 | No | No | ||||||||
| Czech Republic | Yes | 2000 | 99 | No | No | ||||||||
| Denmark | No | Yes | No | ||||||||||
| Germany | Yes | 1995 | : | No information | No information | ||||||||
| Estonia | Yes | 2003 | 94 | No | Yes | 2005 | |||||||
| Ireland | Yes | 2008 | 94 | Yes | (2) | Yes | Between 1996 - 1998 | ||||||
| Greece | Yes | 1998 | 95 | Yes | Yes | : | |||||||
| Spain | Yes | 1996 | 97 | Yes | Yes | 1990s | |||||||
| France | Yes | 2009 | 42 | Yes | (3) | No | |||||||
| Italy | Yes | 1991 | 96 | No | No information | ||||||||
| Cyprus | Yes | 1993 | 96 | No | No | ||||||||
| Latvia | Yes | 1993 | 89 | No | No | ||||||||
| Lithuania | Yes | 1998 | 94 | No | Yes | 2004 | |||||||
| Luxembourg | Yes | 1997 | 94 | No | No | ||||||||
| Hungary | Yes | 1999 | : | No | No | ||||||||
| Malta | Yes | 1997 | 86 | Yes | (4) | Yes | 1997 | ||||||
| Netherlands | Yes | 2011 | : | Yes | (5) | Yes | 2004 | ||||||
| Austria | Yes | 1998 | 83 | Yes | (6) | Yes | 1990s | (14) | |||||
| Poland | Yes | 1991 | 98 | No | Yes | 1995 | (15) | ||||||
| Portugal | Yes | 2000 | 97 | Yes | (7) | Yes | : | ||||||
| Romania | Yes | 1996 | 98 | Yes | (8) | No | |||||||
| Slovenia | Yes | 1998 | : | Yes | Yes | : | |||||||
| Slovakia | Yes | 1999 | 99 | No | (9) | No information | |||||||
| Finland | No | Yes | (10) | Yes | 2004 | ||||||||
| Sweden | No | Yes | (11) | Yes | 1990s | ||||||||
| UK | No | Yes | Yes | 2011 | (16) | ||||||||
| Croatia | Yes | 1999 | 97 | Yes | (12) | No | |||||||
| Turkey | Yes | 1993 | 94 | No information | No information | ||||||||
| Norway | No | Yes | Yes | 1980s |
Notes:
Where data are not available for a country, the table entry is left empty.
Vaccination coverage is intented as "Immunization coverage with 3rd dose of HepB vaccines in infants".
(1) The NGO Modus Vivendi led a movement claiming free access to the Hep B vaccination program for injecting drug users, but without success.
(2) High risk groups include injecting drug users, prisoners and health care workers.
(3) It is mandatory only in some specific health occupations where employees deal with blood samples. The circular dated February 2008 creating the CSAPA (treatment center dedicated to the care of drug and alcohol addictions) recommends free vaccination to any drug-users attending a centre.
(4) The Substance Misuse Out Patient Unit (the national service responsible for substitution treatment) provides vaccination for hepatitis B to all patients using the service. Particular attention is given to injecting drug users.
(5) The Hepatitis B vaccination campaign targeting high risk groups started in 2002 and it includes hard drug users, men who have sex with men and sex workers. However, for drug users the campaign will stop on the 1-1-2012, for MSM and prostitutes the campaign will continue.
(6) There is no nation-wide program but in some provinces (e.g. Vorarlberg) and in some regions HBV vaccination is provided by low-threshold as well as treatment settings.
(7) High risk groups include drug users.
(8) Implemented by ARAS NGO (Romanian Association against AIDS), only in Bucharest. Coverage is rated as limited (around 100 persons/year).
(9) It is not an integrated vaccination program, however vaccination is recommended to risk groups of drug users.
(10) High risk groups, which include injecting drug users, their sex partners and people living in the same household, are offered free HBV vaccination. Other such groups are sex workers, people living in the same household as a carrier and his/her partners, health care workers if necessary. Hepatitis A vaccination is part of the program for IDUs.
(11) High risk groups include injecting drug users (since 2005).
(12) Hepatitis B vaccination programme is voluntary and free of charge for IDUs since 1989.
(13) A ministerial draft circular (nr 1785, July 18th 2006) stated that: "The medical services (of prisons) will ensure that the detainees presenting an at risk profile are actively encouraged to let themselves screened and vaccinated for Hep A & B". Nonetheless, no systematic policy is implemented to lead the detainees to talk about their consumptions and risky behaviours, and no systematic policy of vaccination is applied.
(14) No national strategy exists and the Hep B vaccination program can't be described as systematic, but since the 1990s in some prisons Hep B vaccination is offered to drug users.
(15) Inmates are vaccinated only in 2 cases: 1) before a surgery, 2) as a continuation of vaccination undertaken before imprisonment. ..
(16) In Scotland, HBV vaccination in prison is available since 1999.
See also 'General notes for interpreting data' on the Explanatory notes and help page.
Sources:
Structured Questionnaire on 'prevention and reduction of health-related harm associated with drug use' (SQ23/29), submitted by NFPs in 2011.
Reitox National Reports, 2011.
Data on 3rd dose of Hepatitis B vaccination extracted from WHO/UNICEFdatabase of estimates of immunization coverage. See full dataset on the WHO-UNICEF site.