Table PDU-1. Estimates of prevalence of problem drug use at national level: Summary Table, 2002–06, rate per 1000 aged 15–64 [see all tables in this series...]

Part (iii) Problem opioid use

Country		Notes		Year	Central rate/1000 ages 15–64		Lower and Upper rates/1000 ages 15-64 [1]				Estimated Number of users		Lower and upper bound of prevalence estimates [1]				Target group, data sources and estimation methods	Reference
Belgium				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Bulgaria				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Czech Republic		1		2007	1.4		1.3	-	1.4		10000		9400	-	10600		Problem opioid users. Treatment Multiplier.	2
Denmark				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Germany		2 *		2007	n.a.		1.5	-	2.7		115745		82000	-	149489		Problem opioid users. Drug related deaths. National treatment statistics. Combined methods.	23
Estonia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Ireland				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Greece		1		2007	2.7		2.4	-	3.1		20516		18224	-	23181		Problem opioid users. Drug treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Spain		2		2002	4.0		:				112851		:				Problem opioid users. Drug treatment data. Treatment Multiplier.	3
France				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Italy		3		2007	5.6		5.2	-	6.3		218500		203978	-	245331		Problem opioid users. Treatment, Criminal Justice and Prison data. Multivariate method.	25
Cyprus		1*		2007	n.a.		1.6	-	3.9		1503		893	-	2112		Problem opioid users. Treatment data. Combined methods.	5 ; 6
Latvia		2 ; 6		2002	1.2		1.0	-	1.8		1944		1521	-	2917		Overdose deaths. Mortality Multiplier.	2
Lithuania				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Luxembourg				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Hungary				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Malta		1		2006	5.7		5.5	-	6.0		1606		1541	-	1685		Problem drug users defined as daily heroin users. Treatment data. Capture-recapture.	3
Netherlands				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Austria		1		2007	4.1		4.0		4.3		23178		22198	-	24157		(Poly-) drug use including opiates. Treatment and Police data. Capture-recapture.	1
Poland		2 ; 7		2005	1.0		0.9	-	1.1		27000		25000	-	29000		Problem opioid drug users. General population survey and Treatment data. Benchmark method.	9
Portugal				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Romania				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovenia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Slovakia		1		2007	2.5		1.8	-	4.9		9800		7011	-	19085		Problem opioid users. Low-threshold agencies. Multiplier method.	6
Finland		1 ; 4		2005	1.2		1.1	-	1.4		4204		3700	-	4900		Problem opioid users. Hospital data, Criminal Justice, Infectious Diseases data. Capture-recapture.	7
Sweden				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
United Kingdom				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Croatia				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Turkey				:	:		:				:		:				:	:
Norway				:	:		:				:		:				:	:

Notes:

 : indicates data not available 

 n.a. = not available.                                     

 1 - Interval is a 95 % confidence interval.                                     

 2 - Confidence Interval not known.                                     

 3 - Interval is based on a sensitivity analysis.                                     

 4 - Finland: the original age range of study was 15–54, the rate was adjusted to ages 15–64.                                     

 5 - Malta: original age range of study was 12 to 64 years old.                                     

 6 - Latvia: original age range of study was all ages.                                     

 7 - Poland: the original age range of the study refers to all ages.                                     

 * - Central estimate based on average between lower and upper bound of prevalence estimate.                                     

 For further details on methods and data sources/comments see Table PDU-102 and Table PDU-103.                                     

 See also ‘General notes for interpreting data’ on the Explanatory notes and help page                                     

Sources:

 For bibliographic references see Table PDU-0                                     

 2008 REITOX National Reports - Fonte PDU template                                     

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